Endometriosis Flashcards

1
Q

Define endometriosis.

A

Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.

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2
Q

Explain the aetiology of endometriosis.

A

Suggested theories include:

Retrograde menstruation – passage of endometrial tissue through tubes into pelvis during menstruation (Samson’s)

Metaplasia of coelomic epithelium into endometrial glands (Meyer’s)

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for endometriosis?

A

Nulliparity

Family history

Short cycle

Long periods.

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4
Q

Summarise the epidemiology of endometriosis.

A

15% women in reproductive age.

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5
Q

Recognise the presenting symptoms of endometriosis.

A

Cyclical dysmenhorrea, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, infertility.

Rarely involvement of other organs: haematuria, PR bleed, epistaxis, haemoptysis

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6
Q

Recognise the signs of endometriosis on physical examination.

A

Vaignal: unremarkable, immobile uterus, tender uterosacral ligament, palpate uterosacral nodules.

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7
Q

Identify appropriate investigations for endometriosis and interpret the results.

A

USS: endometrioma

Laparoscopy: Gold standard for diagnosis

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8
Q

Generate a management plan for endometriosis.

A

Medical: analgesia (NSAID), suppress ovulation (COCP, progestogens, Mirena, GnRH analogues.

Surgical: Laparoscopic ablation.excision of lesions, adhesionolysis, overian cystectomy, Total hysterostomy with bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy

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9
Q

Identify the possible complications of endometriosis and its management. Summarise the prognosis for patients with endometriosis.

A

Cyst accident, infertility, chronic pain, adhesions, sexual dysfunciton. Medicla management improves symtpoms in 80%. Symptoms subside in pregnancy/menopause.

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