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Reproductive - step > ovarian pathology > Flashcards

ovarian pathology Flashcards

1
Q

decreased estrogen
increased LH
icnreased FSH

A

pattern = primary gonadal

premature ovarian failure

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2
Q

define premature ovarian failure

A

premature atresia of ovarian follicles in women of reproductive age

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3
Q

signs of menopause in women < 40 but after puberty

A

premature ovarina failure

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4
Q

list the most common causes of ovarian failure

A 
pregnancy
PCOS
obesity
HPO axis abnormalities
premature ovarian failure
hyperprolactinemia
thyroid disorders
eating disorders
competitite athletics
cushing syndrome
adrenal insufficiency
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5
Q

what causes PCOS/stein leventhal syndrome

A

hyperinsulinemia and or insulin resistance - thought to alter the hypothalamic hormonal feedback response

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6
Q

describe the pathogen of PCOS

A

increased Lh:FSH ratio
icnreased androgens from theca interna cells
decrease rate of follicular maturation - unruptured folicles/cysts and anovulation

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7
Q

what is a common cause of subfertility in women

A

PCOS

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8
Q 
amenorrhea/oligomenorreah
hirsuitism
acne
subfertility
obesity
acnathosis nigricans
A

PCOS

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9
Q

apperance of ovaries in PCOS

A

bilatera
enlarged
cystic

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10
Q

what are complications of PCOS

A

increase risk of endometrical cancer due to unopposed estrogem from repeated anovulatory cycles

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11
Q

treatment of PCOS please

A 
weight reduction
OCPs
clomiphene citrate
ketoconazole
spironolactone
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12
Q

hormone changes in PCOS

A 
LH:FSH> 3
increased testosterone
increased androstenedione
decreased SHBG
FSH normal or decreased
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13
Q 
increased testosterone
icnreased androstenedione
decreased SHBG
normal to decreased FHS
LH>FSH by x3
female
A

PCOS

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14
Q

what is the most common ovarina mass in young women

A

follicular cyst

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15
Q

what tis a follicular cyst

A

distention of an unruptured graafian follicle.

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16
Q

what are follicular cysts associated with

A

hyperestrogenism

endometrial hyperplasia

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17
Q

what is a theca lutein cyste

A

often bilateral and multiple

due to gonadotropin stimulation

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18
Q

what are theca lutein cysts caused by vrs follicular cysts

A

gonadotropin stimulation vrs hyperestrogenism

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19
Q

what are theca lutein cysts associated with

A

choriocarcinoma and hydatidiform moles

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20
Q

what is the most comon adnexla mass in women over 55

A

ovarian neoplasm

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21
Q

what do ovarian neoplasms arise from

A

surface epithelium, germ cells, sex cord stromal tissue

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22
Q

where do the majority of ovarian maligi tumors arise from

A

epithelial

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23
Q

what is the most common maligi ovarina tuomor

A

serous sytadenocarcinoma

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24
Q

what increases ris of ovarin tumors

A 
increased age
infertility
endometriosis
PCOS
genetics - BRCA1 and 2
HNPCC
strong family history
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25
Q

what decreases risk of ovarian tumors

A

previouspregnancy
history of breastfeeding
OCPs
tubal ligation

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26
Q

adnexal mass
abdominal distension
bowel obstruction
pleural effusion

A

ovarian neoplasms

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27
Q

how do you diagnois ovarian neoplasms

A

surgically

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28
Q

what is CA 125 good for

A

progression of ovarian tumors NOT diagnosis

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29
Q

benign tumor that is lined with fallopian tube liek epithelium

A

serous cystadenoma

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30
Q

benign ovarian neoplasm that is commonlyl bilateral

A

serous cystadenoma

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31
Q

most common ovarian neoplasm

A

serous cystadenoma

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32
Q

benign ovarian neoplasm lined by mucus secreting epithelium

A

like the endocervix

mucous cystadenoma

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33
Q

benign multiloculated and large ovarian tumor

A

mucous cystadenoma

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34
Q

ovarina neoplasm associated wtih PCOS

A

endometriom

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35
Q

what is an endometrioma

A

endometriosis in the ovary with cyst formation

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36
Q 
pelvic pain
dysmenorrhea
dysparenuia
varies with cycle
mass on ultrasound
A

endometrioma

37
Q

what is a chocolate cyst

A

endometrioma filled with dark, reddish-brown blood

38
Q

most common ovarian tumor in 20-30 year old women

A

mature cystic termatoma/dermoid cyst

39
Q

benign ovarina neoplas with teeth, hair, sebym

A

mature cystic teratoma/dermoid cyst

elements fo all three germ layers

40
Q

ovarian enlargement or ovarian torsion

A

mature cystic teratoma/dermoid cyst

41
Q

hypertyroidism with icnreased radio I 23 in the pelvic region
20-30 year odl owman

A

mature cystic teratoma/dermoid cyste

42
Q

struam ovarii?

A

mature cystic teratoma/dermoid cyst that contains functional thyroid tissue

43
Q

benign ovarian tumor that looks like a bladder

A

brenner tumour

44
Q

solid tumor that is pale yello-tan and appears encapsulated

benign

A

brenner tumour

45
Q

coffee bean nuclei on H and E

A

brenner tumour

46
Q

benign ovarian neoplasm with bunles of spindle spahed fibroblasts

A

fibromas

47
Q

ovarian neoplas = ?
ascites
hydrothorax on right

A

fibroma

48
Q

pullign sensation in groin

beging

A

fibroma

49
Q

beging that produces estrogen

A

thecoma

50
Q

abonrmal uterine bleeding in postenopausal woen

A

thecoma

51
Q

what are the aggressive ovarian tumors?

A

immature teratoma

yolk sac/endodermal sinus tumor

52
Q

maligi with fetal neuroectorm

A

immature teratoma

53
Q

which type of teratoma is more likely to contain thyroid tissue

A

mature benign

immature maligi - neuorectoderm

54
Q

what is the most common maliginant stromal ovarina neoplasm

A

granulosa cell tumor

55
Q

who gets granulos acell tumors

A

women in their 50s

56
Q

production fo estrogen and progesterone
abnormal uterine bleeding
breast tenderness

A

granulosa cell

maligi

57
Q

call exner bodies

A

granulosa cell

maligi

58
Q

histopathos of granulosa cell tumor

A

call exner bodies - granulosa cells arranged haphazardly aroudn collections of eosinophiic fluid
look like primordial follicles

59
Q

maligi tumor bilateral

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

60
Q

psammoma bodies ovarioan neoplasm

A

serous cystadenomcarcnoma

61
Q

pseudomyxoma perionie is what?

A

intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material

62
Q

what causes pseudomyxoma peritonei?

A

appendiceal tumor > mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

63
Q

what type of maligi ovarian neoplasm is common in adolescents

A

dysgerminoma

64
Q

LDH high

hCG

A

dysgerminoma

65
Q

equivalent of male seminoma

A

dysgerminoma
only rare
< 1% of all tumors
30% of germ cell tumors

66
Q

histopathos of dysgerminoma

A

sheets of uniform fried egg cells

67
Q

what ovarina with peutz jegher

A

sertoli leydig cells

masculinization

68
Q

ovarina tumor that happens after pregnancy in either the mother or the baby

A

choriocarcinoma

69
Q

describe histopathos of choriocarcinoma

A

maligi of trophoblastic tissue (cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts)
no chorionic villi

70
Q

increased bilateral thecal lutein cysts

A

choriocarcinoma

71
Q

increased bhCG
shortness of breath
hemoptysis
and why please

A

choriocarcionoma

hematogenosu spread to lungs

72
Q

what tumor is very responsive to chemotherapy

A

choriocarcinoma

73
Q

ovaries/testes or sacrococcygeal area in young children

A

yolk sac/ednodermal sinus tumor

germ cells

74
Q

what is most common tumor in male infants

A

yolk sac/endodermal sinus tumor

75
Q

gross of yolk sac/endodermal sinus tumor

A

yellow
fribale/hemorrhagic
solid mass

76
Q

shiller duval bodies?

A

yolk sac/endodermal sinus tumor

look like glomeruli

77
Q

AFP

A

yolk sac/endodermal sinus tumour

78
Q

average age of incideince 23 yo

most common tumor of < 4 years old

A

yolk sac/endodermal sinus tumour

79
Q

bilatera muscin secreting signet cella denocarcinoma

A

krkenberg from mets from git vi hematogenosu spread

80
Q

list the tumor given marker

a) increased hCG and LDH
b) increased AFP
c) increased b-hCG
d) CA 125
e) LDH

A

a) increased hCG and LDH - dysgerminoma
b) increased AFP - yolk sac/endodermal sinus tumor
c) increased b-hCG - choriocarcinoma
d) increased Ca-125 - ovarian tumors from surface
e) increased LDH - nonspecific cancer marker

81
Q

germ cell tumors ?

A

mature cystic teratoma
dysgerminoma
yolk sac tumor

82
Q

tumor associated with turner syndrome

A

dysgerminoma - fried egg - increased hcg and ldh

83
Q

name the tumor

a) call exner bodies
b) psamomma bodies
c) fried eggs
d) yellow, friable/hemorrhagic and solid
e) schiller duval bodies
f) neuroectoderm

A

a) call exner - look like primordial follicles - granulosa cell
b) psamomma bodes - concentric calcifications - serous cystadenocarcinoma
c) fried eggs - dysgerminoma
d) yellow/hemorrhagic/solid - yolk sac/endodermal sinus
e) schiller duval - yolk sac/endodermal sinus = glomeruli
f) neuroectoderm - immature teratoma

84
Q

list the sex cord tumors

A

granulosa cell - call exner bodies\
fibromas - meigs, pulolin sensation
thecomas - estrogen and uterine bleeding

85
Q

list the surface tumours

A

serous and mucinous and brenner

86
Q

key findings. name the tumor:

a) agressive, neuroectoderm
b) estrogen, abnormal uterine bleeding
c) call exner bodies, estrogen, 50s
d) ovarina mass, ascites, hydrothorax, pulling in groin
e) psamomma bodies, bilateral
f) coffee bean, bladder
g) pale, yellow-tan, solid, encapsulated
h) yellow, friable/hemorrhagic solid
h. 2) AFP increased
i) pseudomyxoma perionie
j) hyperthyroidisim, 20-30s
k) icnreased hCG and LDH, fried eggs
l) pelvic pain, dyspaneuria, dysmenorrhea
m) bilateral multiple theca-lutein cysts
n) multiloculated, large
n. 2) schiller duval bodies
o) increased bHCG, SOB, hemoptysis
p) very responsive to chemotherapy
q) most common
r) bilateral
s) young children in sarcococcygeal
t) muscin secreting malignant cells, bilateral and abdominal pain

A

tumor with findings

a) agressive neuroectoderm = immature teratoma
b) estrogen, abnormal uterine bleeding = thecoma
c) call exner bodies, estrogen, 50s = granulosa cell
d) ovarina mass, ascites, hydrothorax, pulling in groin = fibroma
e) psamomma bodes, bilateral = serous cystadenocarcinoma
f) coffee bean, bladder - brenner tumour
g) pale, yellow-tan, solid, encapsulated = brenner tumor
h) yellow, friable/hemorrhagic solid = yolk sac/endodermal sinus
h. 2) AFP icnreased = yolk/endodermal sinus
i) pseudomyxoma peritoni = mucous cystadenocarcinoma or appendiceal tumor
j) hyperthyroidism, 20-30s = mature teratoma/dermoid cyst
k) increased hCG and LDH, fried eggs = dysgerminoma
l) pelvic pain, dyspaneuria, dysmenorrheao = endometrioma
m) bilateral multiple theca-lutein cysts = choriocarcinoma
n) multiloculated, large = mucous cystadenoma
o) increased bHCG, SOB, hemoptysis = choriocarcinoma
p) very responseive the chemo = choriocarcinoma
q) most common - serous
r) bilateral - serous
s) young children in sarcococcygeal = yold salk
t) mucin secreting maligi, bilateral and ab pain = krukenberg

87
Q

tumor markers

increasd hcg and ldh

A

dysgerminoma

88
Q

increasd afp

A

yold sac

89
Q

increased bhcg

A

choriocarcinoma

Reproductive - step (11 decks)

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