Non ovary non breast female pathos

Question 1

list incidence in USA of glynecologic tumors in females

Answer 1

endometrial > ovarian > cervical

Question 2

list the worst prognosis of gynecologic tumours in females

Answer 2

ovarian > cervical > endometrial

Question 3

why is cervical cancer so low

Answer 3

paps

Question 4

vaginal tumor in girls < 4 years old

Answer 4

sarcoma botryoides/rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 5

histopathos of sarcoma botryoids

Answer 5

spindle saphes cells

clear grape like polypoid mass emerging from vagina

Question 6

desmin positive tumor

Answer 6

sarcoma botryoids of vagina

Question 7

DES and vagina

Answer 7

clear cell adenocarcinoma @ upper vagina bc DES inhibits mullerina formation

Question 8

vaginal squamous cell carcinomas

Answer 8

primary rare

usually secondary to cervilca squamous cell carcinomas

Question 9

where does dysplasia and CIS beign in cervical pathos

Answer 9

at the basal layer of teh squamocolomnar junction ie the transition zone and extends outwards

Question 10

describe CIN I

Answer 10

mild dysplaisa

~ 1/3

Question 11

describe CIN II

Answer 11

moderate dysplasia

~2/3

Question 12

describe CIN III

Answer 12

severe dysplasia

~ all of it

Question 13

how long does it take to progress from CIN III to invasive squamous cell carcinoma cervix

Answer 13

ten eyars

Question 14

peka incidence of dysplasia nd CIN for cervix

Answer 14

35 years

Question 15

peak incidince of invasive carcinoma of the cervix

Answer 15

45 years (Ten years later)

Question 16

what are teh bugs and genes associated with dysplasia and CIN in cervix

Answer 16

HPV 16 and 18
E6 - p53
E7 - Rb

Question 17

presentation of cervical dysplasia

Answer 17

usually asymptomatic

may present as post coital vaginal bleedign

Question 18

what is most common type of invasive carcinoma of cervix

Answer 18

squamous cell

Question 19

what good is pap?

Answer 19

cervical sydplasia - koilocytes before it progresses to invasive carcinoma

Question 20

how to diagnose invasive carcinoma cervix

Answer 20

colposcopy and biopsy

Question 21

what is most common cause of loss in invasive carcinoma

Answer 21

lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failrue

Question 22

how does invasive carcinoma prsent

Answer 22

can see with eyes on pap
abnormal vaignoal bleeding - post coital
malodourous discharge

Question 23

ethnic group with most invasive carcinoma cervix

Answer 23

hispanic > blacks > whites

Question 24

what is an endometrial polyp

Answer 24

well circmscribed collection of endometrial tissue in the uterine wall
may have smooth muscle cells
can exten inot the endometrial cavity

Question 25

20-40 years old abormal uterine bleeding black > white usually benign

Answer 25

leiomyoma

Question 26

what is the most common tumor in females

Answer 26

leiomyoma

Question 27

how do leiomymoas present

Answer 27

multiple discrete tumors

Question 28

what is a leiomyoma

Answer 28

benign smooth muscle tumor with rare malignant transformation estrogen sensitive ie increases in size a tpregnancy adn decreases after menopause

Question 29

what are complications fo leiomyomas

Answer 29

miscarriage | severe bledding may lead to iron deficieincy anaema

Question 30

histopathos of leiomyoma

Answer 30

whorled pattern of smooth muscle buncles with well demarcated borders

Question 31

extension of endometrial/glandular tissue into the uterine myometrium

Answer 31

adenomyosis

Question 32

what causes adenomyosis

Answer 32

hyperplasia fo the basal layer of the endometrium

Question 33

dysmenorrhea menorrhagia uniformly enlarged soft globular uterus

Answer 33

``` painful bleeding lots of bleedding tender uterus endo into myo adenomyosis ```

Question 34

how to treat adenomyosis

Answer 34

GnRH agonists non pulsatile | hysterectomy

Question 35

what is endometriosis

Answer 35

non neoplastic endometrial glands/storma outside endometrial cavity

Question 36

where are the most comon sites to see endometrial glands outside the endometiral cavity

Answer 36

ovary - frequently bilateral pelvis peritoneum

Question 37

how does endometriosis inteh ovar look

Answer 37

CHOCOLATE CYST.

Question 38

what causes endometriosis

Answer 38

retrograde flow throught he fallopian tubes metaplastic transformation fo multipotent cells transprotation of endometiral tissue via lymphatic system

Question 39

``` cyclic pelvic pain bleeding dysmenorrhea dyspareunia dyschezia infertility normal sized uterus ```

Answer 39

painful bleeding painful sex painful defecation endometriosis

Question 40

how to treat enodmetriosis

Answer 40

``` NSAIDs OCPs progestins GnRH agonists danazol laparoscopic removal ```

Question 41

what is endometritis

Answer 41

inflammation of the endometrium associated with retianed produces of conception after delivery, miscarriage or abortion or with foreign body/IUD

Question 42

pathophsy of endometritis

Answer 42

retained material in uterus promotes infection by bacterial flow from vagina and intestinal tract

Question 43

how to treat endometiritis

Answer 43

gentamicin - for aerobic gram negatives NNOT side effects clindamycin - for anaerobes with or wtihout ampicillin - gram positives and HHEELPSS

Question 44

what is endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 44

abnormal endometrial gland proliferation usually caused by excess estrogen stimulation

Question 45

postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

Answer 45

endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma

Question 46

what are consequences of endometrial hyerplasia

Answer 46

endometrial carcinoma

Question 47

what is the most common gynecological tumor

Answer 47

endometrial carcinoma

Question 48

what are risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 48

``` EXCESS ESTROGEN anovulatory cyclres HRT PCOS granulosa cell tumor ```

Question 49

what is peak occurence at 55-65 years old

Answer 49

endometrial carcinoma

Question 50

``` risk factors for? anovulatory cycles HRT PCOS granolusa cell tumors ```

Answer 50

endometrial hyperplasia/thus endometrial carcinoma

Question 51

how doe endometrial carcinoma present

Answer 51

vaginal bleeding | typicall 55 to 65 years old

Question 52

risk factors for endometrial carcinoma please

Answer 52

``` prologned use of estrogen without progestin obesity diabetes hypertension nullipairty late menopause HPNCC ```

Question 53

``` these are risk factors for? prologned used of estrogen wtihout progestin obesity diabetes hypertension nulliparity late menopause HPNCC ```

Answer 53

enodmetrial carcinoma

Question 54

what decreases risk of endometrial carcinoma

Answer 54

OCPs!