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Reproductive - step > Non ovary non breast female pathos > Flashcards

Non ovary non breast female pathos Flashcards

1
Q

list incidence in USA of glynecologic tumors in females

A

endometrial > ovarian > cervical

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2
Q

list the worst prognosis of gynecologic tumours in females

A

ovarian > cervical > endometrial

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3
Q

why is cervical cancer so low

A

paps

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4
Q

vaginal tumor in girls < 4 years old

A

sarcoma botryoides/rhabdomyosarcoma

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5
Q

histopathos of sarcoma botryoids

A

spindle saphes cells

clear grape like polypoid mass emerging from vagina

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6
Q

desmin positive tumor

A

sarcoma botryoids of vagina

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7
Q

DES and vagina

A

clear cell adenocarcinoma @ upper vagina bc DES inhibits mullerina formation

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8
Q

vaginal squamous cell carcinomas

A

primary rare

usually secondary to cervilca squamous cell carcinomas

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9
Q

where does dysplasia and CIS beign in cervical pathos

A

at the basal layer of teh squamocolomnar junction ie the transition zone and extends outwards

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10
Q

describe CIN I

A

mild dysplaisa

~ 1/3

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11
Q

describe CIN II

A

moderate dysplasia

~2/3

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12
Q

describe CIN III

A

severe dysplasia

~ all of it

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13
Q

how long does it take to progress from CIN III to invasive squamous cell carcinoma cervix

A

ten eyars

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14
Q

peka incidence of dysplasia nd CIN for cervix

A

35 years

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15
Q

peak incidince of invasive carcinoma of the cervix

A

45 years (Ten years later)

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16
Q

what are teh bugs and genes associated with dysplasia and CIN in cervix

A

HPV 16 and 18
E6 - p53
E7 - Rb

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17
Q

presentation of cervical dysplasia

A

usually asymptomatic

may present as post coital vaginal bleedign

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18
Q

what is most common type of invasive carcinoma of cervix

A

squamous cell

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19
Q

what good is pap?

A

cervical sydplasia - koilocytes before it progresses to invasive carcinoma

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20
Q

how to diagnose invasive carcinoma cervix

A

colposcopy and biopsy

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21
Q

what is most common cause of loss in invasive carcinoma

A

lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failrue

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22
Q

how does invasive carcinoma prsent

A

can see with eyes on pap
abnormal vaignoal bleeding - post coital
malodourous discharge

23
Q

ethnic group with most invasive carcinoma cervix

A

hispanic > blacks > whites

24
Q

what is an endometrial polyp

A

well circmscribed collection of endometrial tissue in the uterine wall
may have smooth muscle cells
can exten inot the endometrial cavity

25
Q

20-40 years old
abormal uterine bleeding
black > white
usually benign

A

leiomyoma

26
Q

what is the most common tumor in females

A

leiomyoma

27
Q

how do leiomymoas present

A

multiple discrete tumors

28
Q

what is a leiomyoma

A

benign smooth muscle tumor with rare malignant transformation
estrogen sensitive ie increases in size a tpregnancy adn decreases after menopause

29
Q

what are complications fo leiomyomas

A

miscarriage

severe bledding may lead to iron deficieincy anaema

30
Q

histopathos of leiomyoma

A

whorled pattern of smooth muscle buncles with well demarcated borders

31
Q

extension of endometrial/glandular tissue into the uterine myometrium

A

adenomyosis

32
Q

what causes adenomyosis

A

hyperplasia fo the basal layer of the endometrium

33
Q

dysmenorrhea
menorrhagia
uniformly enlarged soft globular uterus

A 
painful bleeding
lots of bleedding
tender uterus
endo into myo
adenomyosis
34
Q

how to treat adenomyosis

A

GnRH agonists non pulsatile

hysterectomy

35
Q

what is endometriosis

A

non neoplastic endometrial glands/storma outside endometrial cavity

36
Q

where are the most comon sites to see endometrial glands outside the endometiral cavity

A

ovary - frequently bilateral
pelvis
peritoneum

37
Q

how does endometriosis inteh ovar look

A

CHOCOLATE CYST.

38
Q

what causes endometriosis

A

retrograde flow throught he fallopian tubes
metaplastic transformation fo multipotent cells
transprotation of endometiral tissue via lymphatic system

39
Q 
cyclic pelvic pain
bleeding
dysmenorrhea
dyspareunia
dyschezia
infertility
normal sized uterus
A

painful bleeding
painful sex
painful defecation
endometriosis

40
Q

how to treat enodmetriosis

A 
NSAIDs
OCPs
progestins
GnRH agonists
danazol
laparoscopic removal
41
Q

what is endometritis

A

inflammation of the endometrium associated with retianed produces of conception after delivery, miscarriage or abortion or with foreign body/IUD

42
Q

pathophsy of endometritis

A

retained material in uterus promotes infection by bacterial flow from vagina and intestinal tract

43
Q

how to treat endometiritis

A

gentamicin - for aerobic gram negatives NNOT side effects
clindamycin - for anaerobes
with or wtihout ampicillin - gram positives and HHEELPSS

44
Q

what is endometrial hyperplasia

A

abnormal endometrial gland proliferation usually caused by excess estrogen stimulation

45
Q

postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

A

endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma

46
Q

what are consequences of endometrial hyerplasia

A

endometrial carcinoma

47
Q

what is the most common gynecological tumor

A

endometrial carcinoma

48
Q

what are risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia

A 
EXCESS ESTROGEN
anovulatory cyclres
HRT
PCOS
granulosa cell tumor
49
Q

what is peak occurence at 55-65 years old

A

endometrial carcinoma

50
Q 
risk factors for?
anovulatory cycles
HRT
PCOS
granolusa cell tumors
A

endometrial hyperplasia/thus endometrial carcinoma

51
Q

how doe endometrial carcinoma present

A

vaginal bleeding

typicall 55 to 65 years old

52
Q

risk factors for endometrial carcinoma please

A 
prologned use of estrogen without progestin
obesity 
diabetes
hypertension
nullipairty
late menopause
HPNCC
53
Q 
these are risk factors for?
prologned used of estrogen wtihout progestin
obesity
diabetes
hypertension
nulliparity
late menopause
HPNCC
A

enodmetrial carcinoma

54
Q

what decreases risk of endometrial carcinoma

A

OCPs!

Reproductive - step (11 decks)

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