Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive - step > all things male > Flashcards

all things male Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal curvature of penis

A

peyronie disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what causes peyronie disease

A

fibrous plaque in the tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a consequence of peyronie disease

A

erectile dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when to consider peryonie dsiease surfical repair

A

once curvature stabilizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is penile fracture

A

rupture of corpora cavernosa due to forced bending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is priapism

A

painful sustained erection for more than 4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sickle cell disease
trauma
sildenafil
trazodone

A

priapism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does sickle cell disease cause priapism

A

sickled rbcs get trapped in vascular channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

treatment for priapism

A

immediate corporal aspiration
inravascernosal phenylephrine
surfical decompression
to prevent ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what penile pathology is more common in asia
africa
sourth america

A

squamosu cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the predisposign penile lesions that can lead to sqamous cell carcinoma

A

bowens

erythroplasia fo queyrat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

presentation of bowens

A

leukoplakia on shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

presentation of erythroplasia ofqueyrat

A

eyrhtroplakia on glans and mucous of prepuce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

presentation of bowenodi papulosis

A

reddish papules

unclear maligi potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is associated withe penile squamous cell carcioma

A

HPV

lack of circuncision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is cryptochidisim

A

undescended testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe the descent of the testes

A

transabdominal by MIH

inguinoscrola by androgesn adn hCG – think androgen sensitivity syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what happens to cyrptorchidims testes

A

impaired spermatogenesis - icnreased temp affects sertoli, best at < 37
testosterone okay bc leydigs not affected byt emp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what si cryptorchidism associated with

A

germ cell tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what causes increased risk of cyrptochidism

A

prematurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when does testosterone decreased in cryptorchidosim

A

normal if unilateral

decreased if bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hormone changes seen in cyrptochidism

A 
decreased testosterone if bilateral
normal testosterone if unilateral
decreased inhibition
increased FSH
increased LH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is a varicocele

A

dilated veins in pampiniform plexus due to increased venous pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the most common cause of scrotal enlargement in adult males

A

varicocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

when do varicoceles usually presetn

A

15-25 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which side and why varicoceles

A

left; increased rsistance to flow from left gonadal veins into left renal veine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

why can vaircocele cause infertility

A

increase temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how does varicocele present

A

aching pain ins crotum
dragging sensation in testicle
visbile bag of worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how to diagnose varicocele

A

ultrasound dopplller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

does varicocele transilluminate

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

treatment of varicocele

A

caricocelectomy

embolization by internventialn radiolotis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

smoker

sudden onset left varicocele

A

renal cell carcinoma invading left renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

where do extragonal derm cell tumors arise

A

midlein lcoatiosn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

here are extragondal germ cell tumors in adultes

A

retroperitoneam
mediateinum
pineal
suprasellar regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

where do extragonadal germ cell tumors show up in munchkins

A

sacrococcygeal teratomas most comolny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cause of epididymitis in 35

A

< 35 - chlamydia and gonorrhoea

> 35 - ecoli and pseudomonase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

distinguishing physical test for epididymitis

A

elevation of scrotum decreases pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

when to suspect torsino of the testical

A

12-18 years old
vilent moemvent or physical trauma
cryptochoid testes
atrophy of teste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is distinguidhing phys test for testicular torsion

A

no cremasteric reflues

sudden pain onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what differentiates a scotal mass vrs a testicular tumor

A

benign scrotal lesions can be transilluminated

41
Q

what is a congenital hydrocele

A

common cause of scrotal swelling in munchkins

due to incomplete obilteration of processus vaginalis

42
Q

what is an acquired hydroele

A

benign scrotla fluid collection suually due to infection trauma or tumor
bloody - hematocele

43
Q

what is a spermatocele

A

cyst due to dilated epififymal duct or rete testes

44
Q

paratesticular fluctuant nodule

A

spermatocele

45
Q

transilluminating sweeling in munchkin

A

congenital hydrocele

46
Q

what accounts fo 95% of testicular tumors

A

germ cell tumors

47
Q

who most commonly gets testicualr germ cell tumors

A

young men

white > black

48
Q

what ar ethe risk factors for germ cell testicular tumors

A

MOSt COMMON - cyrptochidism

klinefelter

49
Q

what is the differential for testicular mass that does not transilluminate

A

cancer.

50
Q

give tumor of age group, testicular

a) 30-35, > 65
b) < 4 yo
c) 20-30 yo
d) all ages
e) 20-25 yo

A

a) 30-35, > 65 = seminoma
b) < 4 yo = yolk sac/endodermal sinus tumor
c) 20-30 yo = choriocarcinoma
d) all ages = teratoma
e) 20-25 = embryonal tumor

51
Q

describe a seminoma

A

malignant
painless homogenosu testicular enlargement
NEVER IN FANCEY

52
Q

histopathos of seminoma

A

large cells in obules with watery sytoplasm
fried eff appearance
~ dysgerminoma

53
Q

marker of seminoma

A

increased placental ALP

54
Q

treatment of seminoma

A

radiosensitive

55
Q

mets and prog of seminoma

A

late mets and excellent prognosis

56
Q

painless homongenous testicular enlargment

A

seminoma

57
Q

large cells in obules with watery cytoplasm and fired egg apeprance
icnreased ALP

A

seminoma

58
Q

yellow mucinous tumor

A

yolk sac

59
Q

schiller duval bodes

A

glomuerli

yolk sacr

60
Q

icnreased AFP

A

yolk sacr

61
Q

what is the most common testicular tumor in boys > 3 yo

A

yolk sac

62
Q

maligi potential of yold sac

A

aggressively

63
Q

increased hCG

A

choriocarcinoma

64
Q

histopathos of choriocarcinoma

A

syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elements

65
Q

how does choriocarcinoma spread

A

hematogenous met ot lung and brain

66
Q

how can choriocarcinoma present

A

hemorrhagic stroke due to bleeding of mets

67
Q 
hyperthyroidism symptoms
gynecomastia
hemorrhagic stroke
mass in testes non transillumination
high hCG
A

choriocarcinoma

68
Q

femal ovarioan tumor = hypethyroidosim

A

dermoid/mature teratoma

69
Q

teratome in adult male vrs female vrs boys

A

maligi at males
benign at females
benign at boys

70
Q

increased hCG and or AFP

A

teratoma

71
Q

what is an embryonal carcinoma

A

hemorrhagic mass with necrosis
paiful
glanular and papillary morpho
usually mixed

72
Q

increased hCG and normal AFP when pruie, increased AFP when mixed

A

embryonal

73
Q

malig potentail of embryonal carcinoma

A

maligi yes.

74
Q

histopathos of embryonal carcinoma

A

glandular and papillary morphology

75
Q

general characteristics of non germ cell testicular tumors

A

5% fo all

mostly benign

76
Q

reinke cyrostals

androgen production

A

leydig cell non germ cell testicular tumor

77
Q

golden brown with reinke cyrtsals

A

leydig cell non germ cell testicular tumour

78
Q

genecomastia in men
precosious puberty in boys
bening testicular mass that doesnt transilluminate

A

leydig cell tumor

79
Q

androblastmoa from sex cor stroma

A

sertoli cell testicualr non germ cell tumor

80
Q

what is the most common testicular cancer in older men

A

testicualr lymphoma

81
Q

what is a testicular lymphoma

A

not primary
arises from emts lymphoma to testes
AGGRESSIVE

82
Q

where would mets form testicular tumors occur

A

paraaortic LNs

83
Q

name the tumor

a) icnreased placental ALP
b) increased AFP
c) increased hCG
d) increased hCG and of AFP
e) icnreased hcG and AFP if mied

A

a) increased ALP - seminoma
b) icnreased AFP - yold sac
c) increased hCG - choriocarcinoma
d) increased hCG and or AFP - teratoma
e) icnreased hCG and AFP if mixed - embryonal

84
Q

common patholgoy in men over fifty

A

bph

85
Q

describe bph

A

smooth, elastic, firm nodular enlargement HYPERPLASIa not hypertophy or periuretral (lateral and middle ) lobes taht compress the urethra into a critcal slit

86
Q

increased frequency of un=rination
nocturia
difficulty starting and stopping urine stream
dysuria

A

obstructive symptoms

more commolny BPH than carcinoma bc BPH at the periuretral lobes ie lateral and middle

87
Q

increased free PSA

A

BPH

88
Q

increased bound PSA

A

prostatic adenocarcinoma

89
Q

what are complications of bph

A

may lead to distension and hypertrophy of bladder

hydroneprhosis and UTI

90
Q

treat bph

A

alpha 1 antags = terazosin, tamsulosin = relaxation fo smooth muscle
5 alpha reducatse inhibtiors - inasteride
PDE5 inhibitiors

91
Q

dysuria
frequency
urgency
low back pain

A

prostat

92
Q

causes of acute prostatits

A

E coli if > 35

chlam an dgon if < 35

93
Q

causes of chronic prostatitis

A

abacterial mostly

94
Q

diagnosis acute prostattiso

A

3r and 4th part of urin (proastat and massage) will ahve imcreased wbc and bacteria

95
Q

where does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from

A

posterior lobe/peripheral zone

96
Q

how is prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnoseied

A

increasd PDA and biopsy

97
Q

how are prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA useful tumoru markers

A

icnreased total psa with decreased free fraction of psa
change of psa >0.75 /year
psa / total volume
shorter doublign time of PSA

98
Q

lower back pain and icnreased serum PSA and ALP

A

osteoBlastic met to bones

99
Q

histopathos of prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

small neoplastic glands wtih prominent nucleuio amid normal prsate stroma

Reproductive - step (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions