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breast pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what pathologies are foudn at the nipple

A

paget disease

breast absecess

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2
Q

what pathologies are found in the lactiferous sinus

A

intraductal papilloma
abscesses
mastitis

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3
Q

what pathologies are found in the major duct

A

fibrocystic change
DCIS
invasive ductal carcinoma

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4
Q

what pathologies are foudn in the terminal duct

A

tubular carcinoma

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5
Q

what pathologies are found in the lobules

A

lobular carcinoma

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6
Q

what pathologies are foudn in the stroma

A

fibroadenoma

phylolodse tumor

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7
Q

what are the benign breast tumours and their locations pelase

A

fibroadenoma @ stroma
intraductal papilloma @ lacteriferous sinus
phyllodes tumor @ stroma

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8
Q 
small
mobile
firm mass
sharp edges
< 35 years old
A

fibroadenoma

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9
Q

increased size and tenderness with estrogen

< 35 years odl

A

fibroadenoma

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10
Q

small tumour that grows in lactiferous duts

typically beneath the areola

A

intraductal papilloma

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11
Q

what is the most common cause of bloody nipple discharge in women under 50

A

intraductal papilloma - can have bloody or serous discharge

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12
Q

risk for carcinoma of itnraductal papilloma

A

slight increased 1.5-2x increased

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13
Q

large bulky mas of connective tisseu and cysts

A

phyloodes tumor @ stroma

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14
Q

when are phyllodes tumors most common

A

in the 5th decade

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15
Q

malignancy potential for phyllodes tumours

A

some malignancy potential

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16
Q

leak like projections

A

phyllodes tumor 2 stomra - connective tissue and cysts

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17
Q

what can cause galactorrhea

A

mechanical stimulation
prolactinoma
primary hypothyroidism
drugs: OCP, phenothiazin, methyldopa, TCA, antianxieity

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18
Q

hyperplasia of the breast stroma?

A

firbosis a proliferative breast disease

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19
Q

fluid filled, blue domed, ductal dilation?

A

cystic proliferative breast disease

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20
Q

increased acini and intralobular fibrosos

A

sclerosing adeosis - prolifartaiton fo small ductules and acini in the lobules

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21
Q

proliferation fo small ductules and acini in the lobules

A

sclerosing adenosis

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22
Q

increase in number of epithelial cells in terminal duct lubolue

A

epithelial hyperplasia

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23
Q

which proliferative breast diseases are associated with increased risk of developing cnacer

A

sclerosing adenosis - increased acini and intralobular fibrosis
epithelial hyperplasia - increased number of epithelial cell lyaers in the terminal duct lobule

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24
Q

which proliferative breast diseases are NOT associated with increased risk of developing cancer

A

fibrosis - hyperplasia of breast stroma

cystic - fliud fille,d blue domw = ductal dilation

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25
what are the most common cause of breat lumpds from 25- menopause
proliferative breast disease = fibrosis, cystic, sclerosing adenosis (icnreased acinin and intratubular fibrosis), epithelial hyperplasia = increased number of epi layers in terminal ductules
26
premenstural breast pain multiple lesions ofetn bilateral fluctuation in size and mass
proliferative breast disesase firosis - hyperplasia of breast stroma cystic - fluid filled, blud domes, ductal dilation sclerosign adenosis - icnreased acini and itnralobular fibrodis epithleila hyperplasia - increased ep cell layers in terminla ductules
27
which proliferative breast disease is associated with microcalcifications?
sclerosign adenosis - icnrease acini and intralobular fibrosis
28
which proliferative breast disease is in women > 30 years ol
epithelial hyperplasia - icnreased number of epi cell layers
29
what is lactational mastitis
at breastfeeding ahve increased risk of infection by bacteria thorugh cracks in the niplle
30
what is most common moo for lactational mastitis
staph auerus
31
treatment of lactational mastitis
dicloxacillin and continue breastfeeding
32
bening painless (usually) bump after trauma
fat necrosis
33
how does fat necorsis show up on mammography
abnormal calcification
34
biopsy of fat necrosis
necotic fat, giant cells
35
what is gynecomastia
breast enlargment in males
36
what causes gynecomastia
hyperestrogenism @ cirrhosis, testicular tumor, puberty and old age klinefeter and androgen insensntivity syndrome drugs: some drugs create awesome knockers - spironoloactone, cimetidine, digoxin, alcohol, ketoconazole
37
list the drugs that can cause gynecomastia
``` some drugs cause awesome knockers spironolactone digoxin cimetidine alcohol ketoconazole ```
38
name the physiological causes of gynecomastia
birth puberty old age
39
what age to malignant breat tumors typically present
post menopausal
40
where do malignant breast tumours usually arise from
ternimal duct lobular unit
41
what is commonly overexpressed in malignant breast tumors
Er, PR or c-erbB2 (HER-2, an EGF receptor)
42
what is expressed on more aggressive breast tumors
triple negative no ER no PR no Her2/Neu
43
what is the single most important prognostic factor in maligi breast tumors
axillary lymph node involvement = indicates mets
44
what part of breast are malignant breast tumors usually located?
upper outer quad - most dense tissue
45
what are risk factors for breast cancer
``` ICNREASED ESTROGEN EXPOSURE increased total number of menstrual cycltes older age at fisrt live irth obesity BRCA1, 2 african american ```
46
what ethnic group is at more risk of triple negative tumorus
african america
47
list the noninvasive maligi breast tumours
dutal carcinoma in situe comedocarcinoma paget disease
48
where do DCIS occur
major ducts
49
what occurs in the same location fo the breast as DCIS
major ducts = fibrocystic change, DCIS, invasive ductal carcinoma
50
microcalcifications @ mamoography with what?
abnormal @ fat necorsis | microcalcifications @ sclerosing adenosis proliferative breast disease AND @ ductal carcinoma in situ
51
what does ductal carcinoma in situ arise from
ductal atypia
52
histopathos at ductal carcinoma in situe
fills ductal lumen with engorge blood vessels in major duct
53
what is the malignancy potential for ductal carcinoma in situe
early malignant wihtout basement membrane penetration = non invasive
54
what is a comedocarcinoma
a subtype of DCIS | ductal with central necrosis
55
fuctal subtype of DCIS with central necrosis
comedocarcinoma
56
what causes paget disease
underlying DCIS of invasive breast cancer
57
how does paget disease present
eczematous patches on nip0ple
58
histopathos of paget disease
paget cells = large cells in epidermis wtih clear halo
59
what do you think if you see extramammary; paget disease on vulva
is NOT suggestive of malignancy
60
list the invasive malignant breast tumors
invasive ductal invasive lobular medullary inflammatory
61
describe the characteristics of invasive ductal
``` firm fibrous ROCK HARD shapr margins small gluandular duct like cells @ gross = stellate ```
62
what is the most common of all breast cancers
invasive ductal
63
``` firm fibrous rock hard sharp margins small glandular duct cells ```
invasive ductal
64
what is the worst and most invasive breast cancer
the msot common one too | invasive ductal
65
describe the appreance of invasive lobular cnacers
orderl row of cells INDIAN FILE | oftern bilateral with multiple lesions in same location
66
decreased E cadherin expression
invasive lobular carcinoma
67
bilateral invasive breast cancer
invasive lobular
68
what invasive breast cancer has a good prognosis
medullary
69
describe how medullary breast tumors look
soft, flishy, cellular lymphocytic infiltrate
70
soft fleshy cellular lymphocytic infiltrate
medullary breast tumor | invasive
71
what invasive breast tumro si often mistaken for pagets or mastitis
inflammatory breat tumors
72
what causes inflammatory breast tumors
dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma
73
cxpx of inflammatory breast tumors
puea d'oranage, erythematous dimpling
74
what causes blocked lymph drainage in inflammatory breast tumorus?
neoplastic cells block plymphatics
75
what is the prognosis of each invasive breast cancer
a) invasive ductal (firm, fibrous, rock hard, with small clandular duct liek cells) = worst prognosis b) invasive lobular (indian file, decreased e cadherin, bilateral with multiple lesions in same lcatoin ) = not menitoned in first aid c) medullary (soft, fleshy, cellular, lymphocytic infiltration) = good prognosis d) inflammatory (peau d'orange, blocked lymph draininage) = 50% for 5 years
76
stellate
invasive ductal
77
which tumor is commonly associated with BRCA 1 and is negative ER and PR
medullary.
78
name the breast patology: a) small, mobile, firm mass with sharp edges b) large bulky mass of ct and cysts b. 2) firm, fibrous, rock hard mass with shapr margins c) premenstrual breast pain wtih multiple lesiosn ofen bilateral that has fluctuating size d) benging painless lump with abnormal calcifications e) microcalcifications f) early malignancy without basement membrane penetration g) eczematous patch on nipple h) lump beneath areola i) non palpbale j) stellate infiltration k) decreased e cadherin l) bilateral wtih multiple lesions in same lcoation m) lymphocytic infiltrate n) indian file, bulls eye o) peau d;orange p) leaf like projections
a) small mobile firm mass wtih shapr edges - fibroadenoma b) large bulky mass of ct and cysts = phyllodes b.2) firm, fibrous, rock hard mass with shapr margins = invasive ductal c) premenstrual pain with multi lesions often bilateral with flucutating zia = proliferative breast disease d) benign painless lump wtih abnromal calcifications = fat necrosis e) microcalcifications = DCIS, sclerosis adenosis proliferative breast disease f) early maligi withotu BM penetration = DCIS g) eczematous patch on nipple = paget disease h) lump benath areola = intaductal papilloma i) non palpablae = DCIS and LCIS j_ stellate infiltration = invasive ductal ( small glandular duct like cells) k) decreased e cadherin - invasive lobular l) bilateral with multiple lesions in same lcoation = invasive lobular m) lymphocytic infiltration = inflammatory n) indian file, bulls eye = invasive lobular o) peau d'orange = inflammatory p) leaf like projectiosn - phyllodes tumor
79
list pathos in the following locations: a) nipple b) lactiferious ducts c) main duct d) Terminal duct e) lobule f) STroma
a) nipple = pagets, abcesses b) lactiferous = intraductal papilloma, abscesses, mastitis c) main duct = ductal invasive, fibrocystic change, DCIS d) terminal duct = tubular carcinoma e) lobule = lobular carcinoma f) Stroma = fibroadenoma, phyllodes tmour

Reproductive - step (11 decks)

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