outside of school factors social class

Question 1

Eyesenk

Answer 1

New right Biological 
states that IQ is largely inheriteed - claimes that between 60-80% of intelligence is genetically based. claims  that ' what children take out of school is proportional to what they bring into the school in terms on IQ' 
Class differences in intelligences largely account for class differences in educational attainment

Question 2

Smith and Noble

Answer 2

Material factors
students face ‘ financial barriers to learning’ due to their parent’s low-income state these barriers, parents are unable to afford the following;
-unable to afford school uniforms, textbooks, transport, resources - can lead to bullying
-less likely to have a computer/desk/ homework area
-marketisation of schools means the better-resourced schools in affluent areas
-pupils more likely to work part-time or care for younger siblings of parents who do shift work

Question 3

Raey et al

Answer 3

Material factors
the idea that economic capital is needed to gain cultural capital, meaning that some students miss out on this which has a negative impact their educational attainment.

that working-class students are more likely to have part-time jobs and therefore more likely to work longer hours reducing their chances of attainting higher grades

over 25% of private school students have extra tuition compared to only 10% of state school students

Question 4

Douglas

Answer 4

cultural factors Home and Parental interest cultural factor
parents interest in education is the most significant factor to children attainment

middle class parent were more likely to encourage attainment and progression - indicator of more frequent visits to the school to discuss there child’s progress

Question 5

sugarman

Answer 5

cultural factors Subcultures cultural
working class formed a different subculture and were characterised ;
fatalism - see their futures of manual labour work, lack of academic success
-immediate gratification - leave education either aim of going into work for finical reasons
- present time orientation
- collectivism

Question 6

bourdieu

Answer 6

Marxist cultural capital
culture of the dominant social classes ( middle and upper classes) , devaluing the norms, values, and knowledge of the working classes.

Question 7

Gerwitz

Answer 7

Marxist cultural capital
Middle class parents are the ‘privileged skilled choosers’, working class parents are ‘disconnected choosers’ as they don’t have the right knowledge to be able to make informed decisions about schools. The possession of ‘cultural capital’ impacts upon ability to choose schools effectively.

Question 8

Callendar and Jackson

Answer 8

Material factor

Fear of Debt at HE highest amongst working class - Puts them off going

Question 9

Feinstein

Answer 9

Cultural Factor
He measured parent’s interest by asking for teacher’s assessment of how much interest they showed in their children’s education.

Question 10

Bernstein

Answer 10

Suggests that the language students use or are able to access effects their ability to get on in education and achieve - W/C = Restricted code M/C = Elaborate code