Equality of opportunity evolution

Question 1

Class inequality

Answer 1

Wragg 
Millar 
Cohen 
Green 
Gerwitz 
Bourdieu

Question 2

Wragg

Answer 2

Class inequality
Victorian railway carriage’ education system…
1st class = Eton, Harrow and other private schools then onto Oxford, Cambridge - Upper class students
2nd class = ‘Outstanding’ schools then onto a Russell Group University - Middle class students
3rd class = ‘Other’ Universities / old Polytechnic Universities - Working class students

If you are from a deprived background you will have less opportunities/FACE INEQUALITY about types of schooling and Universities.

Question 3

Millar

Answer 3

Class inequality
Poorer pupils are less able to exercise ‘choice’ because they cannot afford to move house or travel to better schools. Therefore they have INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY over school selection.

Question 4

Gerwitz

Answer 4

Middle class parents = ‘privileged skilled choosers’
Working class parents = ‘disconnected choosers’
They don’t have the right knowledge to be able to make informed decisions about schools. The possession of ‘cultural capital’ impacts upon ability to choose schools effectively – Therefore face INEQUALITY

Question 5

Bourdieu

Answer 5

Cultural, economic and social capital means we DO NOT HAVE EQUAL access to education - working class cannot contextualise their learning, they also don’t benefit from social capital - network with other parents who may be governors etc. Marxists say that deeper structural inequalities within our capitalist system need solving rather than just additional funding being provided.

Question 6

Ethnic

Answer 6

Gillborn

Jasper

Question 7

Gillborn

Answer 7

ethnic inequality
Teachers’ racist assumptions led them to believe that Afro-Caribbean students would cause trouble and that teachers would see the behaviour of these students as challenging.
Teachers would confront this behaviour and this would build resentment and escalate problems.
When they carried out their study disproportionate amounts of black students are not entered into higher tiers – Leading to their lower achievement (highest grade they could achieve was a D).

Question 8

Jasper

Answer 8

ethnic equailty
States that schools are to ‘blame’ – Schools refuse to tackle institutional racism within the playground and classroom. Black boys / men are “demonised”

Question 9

Gender inequality

Answer 9

Kelly
Colley
Heaton and Lawsons

Question 10

Kelly

Answer 10

Gender inequality
Claimed that science subjects were packaged for boys.
Science textbooks have very few women portrayed in them and examples used by teachers were more relevant to boys and boys’ interests.
Teachers would let boys dominate the science classroom.