Inside of school factors social class

Question 1

Hargreaves

Answer 1

Sub cultures

2 streams of boys in a secondary modern school. He found that selection of streams was closely related to behaviour, the more the top streams were rewarded for a behaviour, the more they conformed to this and archived well, and the lower streams boys felt unable to achieve high-status in the teachers eyes forming anti-school subcultures which promoted anti-school and anti-attainment attitudes

Question 2

Althusser marxist

Answer 2

ideolgical state aparatus p this refers to how the institutions are used by the ruling classto help pass on their ideologies

suggesting that the education system in manipulated and designed to ensure that student are trained from a young age to be unqestinoning , subordinate, hardworking and cinformist

Question 3

Davis and Moore Funtionalist

Answer 3

claimed that education performs role allocation and helps to sift, sort and grade students people in terms of their ability rewarded in exam success. those with the most ability are then rewarded in a meritocratic society in terms of economic rewards

Question 4

bowles and gintis marxist

Answer 4

education serves to reproduce the capitalist relations of production (hierarchy of workers from boss down).
education ensures that workers will unquestioningly adapt to the needs of the of the system - they call this the ‘correspondence principle’.
suggest that what goes on in school corresponds directly to the world of work.

Question 5

Becker

Answer 5

middle-class pupils as the closest to the 'ideal pupil' in terms of performance, conduct, appearance and attitude. 
working-class pupils furthest from 
labels applied by teachers to pupils shape the nature and quality of the interaction between pupils and teacher.
self-fulling prophecy

working-class students may be labelled as non-achievers or deviant which may then lead to their lack of achievement

Question 6

Durkhiem funtionalist

Answer 6

education should pass on value consensus e.i shared norms and values
educations ensure people have the skills for a specialised division of labour e.g through subject-specific skills that lead onto certain vocations such as links between the sciences and health occupations he claimed that standardised testing helps to assess skills

Question 7

Gibson and Asthana

Answer 7

said there is a correlation between low household income and poor educational performance.
examples
- higher levels of sickness in poorer homes may mean more absences from school and falling behind in classes
- less able to afford ‘hidden costs e.g uniform, books, toys, computers
-pooerer parents are less likely to have access to pre-school or nusery facilities

Question 8

Stephen ball

Answer 8

points out how the institution of marketisation means that those who have more money have a greater choice of state schools because of selection by mortgage