Outcome 9 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
what are the layers of the pericardium?
- fibrous pericardium
- serous pericardium
what is the purpose of the pericardium?
- it surrounds and protects the heart
- it allows for vigorous and rapid contractions
- it holds the heart in the mediastinum
the serous pericardium is double layered, what are they called?
- parietal layer
- visceral layer (epicardium)
what is the fibrous pericardium composed of?
- tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue
what is the pericardial cavity?
the space between the parietal and visceral layer
what are the three layers of the heart wall?
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
What are the two layers of the epicardium made out of?
- visceral serous layer (outermost layer) - mesothelium
- adipose and fibroelastic tissue (inner layer)
describe the myocardium.
- it is a cardiac muscle tissue
- it has involuntary movements – pumping action
- 95% of the heart wall
describe the endocardium.
- it is a thin layer of connective tissue with a thin layer of endothelium
- they provide smooth lining for chambers and over valves
what are the external chambers of the heart?
- auricle
- sulci
what is an auricle?
it is the wrinkled “pouch-like” structure on the anterior surface of the atria
what is the sulci?
- they are grooves that hold the coronary blood vessels and fat
- they mark the boundary between 2 chambers
what are the 3 sulci?
- coronary sulcus
- anterior inter ventricular sulcus
- posterior inter ventricular sulcus
where do you find the coronary sulcus?
it is deep in the heart, and it separates the atrium from the ventricles
where do you find the anterior interventricular sulcus?
ANTERIORLY between the right and left ventricles, shallowly
where do you find the posterior interventricular sulcus?
POSTERIORLY between the right and left ventricles, shallowly
what are the four chambers of the heart?
right and left atria
right and left ventricles
what separates the right and left atrium?
interatrial septum
what is the fossa ovalis?
an oval depression on the septum
what is the valve separating the RIGHT atrium from the RIGHT ventricle?
tricuspid valve
aka R atrioventricular valve
the right atrium receives blood from _____, ______, and the _________.
from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cave and the coronary sinus
so right side - deoxygenated blood
where do you find the pectinate muscles?
on the internal surface, anterior surface and the auricle
what are the cardiac muscle ridges found in the right ventricle called?
trabeculae carneae
chordae tendineae attaches the cusps of the valves to ______.
papillary muscles