Outcome 7 - Endocrine System Flashcards
Which system also works together with the endocrine system?
nervous
What is the difference between what the kind of mediator molecules the nervous system releases and which the endocrine system releases?
NS - neurotransmitters
ES - hormones
What are the target cells for NTs? Hormones?
NTs - muscle cells, gland cells and other neurons
ES - cells throughout body
______ responses are slower but usually have longer effects.
Endocrine
What is a key difference between NS and ES in terms of what/where their mediators are regulating?
NS - specific muscles/glands
ES - aids in regulation of all types of body cells
Neurotransmitters released ______ as a response to _______ ________.
whereas, hormones are delivered to ____ throughout the body by _____.
NT - locally as a response to nerve impulses
hormones - tissues throughout body by blood
Where is the site of mediator action in the NS? ES?
NS - close to the site where it was released (synapses)
ES - usually farther from site of release
Where do endocrine glands secrete their products?
into the interstitial space that surround the secretory cells
What are some examples of endocrine glands?
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands
Are endocrine glands vascular or non-vascular?
they’re highly vascular!
Are endocrine glands the only ones that secrete hormones?
No.
What are the four characteristics of receptors?
1) made of protein and when hormones bind to it, they result regulation
2) they’re constantly broken down and resynthesized
3) down regulation – excess hormones = # of receptors to decrease
4) up regulation – deficient of hormones = # of receptors to increase
What is up regulation?
when there is deficient hormone present and the number of receptors increase
What is down regulation?
when there is excess hormone present which leads to the number of receptors to decrease
What type of hormones are there?
- circulating
- local
What are the two types of local hormones?
1) paracrine
2) autocrine
What are paracrine hormones?
they effect neighbouring cells
What are autocrine hormones?
they effect cells that secrete them
What are circulating hormones?
- they are secreted into the interstitial space
- they diffuse into blood to allow for circulation through the body
What are the two classes of hormones?
1) Lipid-soluble
2) water-soluble
What are the three subdivision of the two classes of hormones?
Lipid-soluble:
1) steroid
2) thyroid
3) gas
water-soluble:
1) amines
2) peptides
3) proteins
What are some examples of steroid hormones?
- aldosterone, cortisol, androgens, calcitriol, testosterone, estrogens, and progesterone
What are some examples of thyroid hormones?
T3 and T4
What are some example of gas hormones?
Nitric oxide, prostaglandins and leukotrienes