Outcome 1 - Intro to Human Body

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

Study of the body structures and the relationship between those structures

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

The study of how those body structures work

Question 3

What are the six structural organization of the body?

Answer 3

1. Chemical
2. Cellular
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. System
6. Organismal

Question 4

What are tissues?

Answer 4

Group of cells and materials surrounding those cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Question 5

What are the four basic types of tissue?

Answer 5

1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Muscular tissue
4. Nervous tissue

Question 6

What do epithelial tissues do?

Answer 6

They cover the body surfaces and line hollow organs and cavities. They also form glands.

Question 7

What do muscular tissues do?

Answer 7

They contract to make parts of the body move which generates heat!

Question 8

What does connective tissue do?

Answer 8

They connect, support, and protect the body and they distribute blood vessels to other tissues.

Question 9

What does nervous tissue do?

Answer 9

They carry information from one part of the body to another by nerve impulses.

Question 10

What are organs composed of?

Answer 10

Two or more different types of tissues.

Question 11

What makes up a system?

Answer 11

It consists of organs that have the same function.

Question 12

What are the 11 systems?

Answer 12

1. Integumentary
2. Digestive
3. Muscular
4. Cardiovascular
5. Skeletal
6. Nervous
7. Endocrine
8. Lymphatic
9. Urinary
10. Reproductive
11. Respiratory

Question 13

What makes up the integumentary system?

Answer 13

Skin, nails, hair, and sweat and oil glands.

Question 14

What is the function of the integumentary system?

Answer 14

Protects the body
Regulates temperature
Eliminates some wastes
Helps make vitamin D
Detects sensations
Stores fat and provides insulation

Question 15

What is part of the skeletal system?

Answer 15

Bones, joints and cartilages

Question 16

What’s the function of the skeletal system?

Answer 16

Supports and protects the body
Provides surface area for muscle attachment
Aids body movement
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals and lipids

Question 17

What is part of the nervous system?

Answer 17

Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory organs (eyes and ear)

Question 18

What’s the function of the nervous system?

Answer 18

Generates action potentials in response to internal and external changes

Allows for the communication between different body structures

Question 19

What makes up the endocrine system?

Answer 19

Hormone producing glands
(Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, suprarenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes)

Question 20

What’s the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 20

Regulate body activities by releasing hormones

Question 21

What’s the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 21

To provide oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove carbon dioxide and waste from cells
It also regulates the acid-base balance, temperature and water content of body fluids
Blood components act as a defence against disease and repairs damaged blood vessels

Question 22

What makes up the cardiovascular system?

Answer 22

• heart
• artery
• blood vessels

Question 23

What makes up the lymphatic system?

Answer 23

• bone marrow, thymus, lymph node, lymphatic vessel, spleen

Question 24

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 24

it returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood; contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes

Question 25

what's the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 25

transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood, and co2 from blood out; regulates acid-base balance of body fluids; air from lungs to vocal cords to make sound

Question 26

What make up the respiratory system?

Answer 26

nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs

Question 27

What makes up the digestive system?

Answer 27

gastrointestinal tract, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus (and salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)

Question 28

What is the function of a digestive system?

Answer 28

achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid waste

Question 29

What is the function of the urinary system?

Answer 29

produce, store, and eliminate urine; eliminates waste and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; maintain acid-base balance of body fluids; regulate production of rbc

Question 30

What is homeostasis?

Answer 30

It is the condition of equilibrium internally

Question 31

Homeostasis is a dynamic condition. T/F

Answer 31

True! It responds to changing conditions

Question 32

What are basic components of a feedback system?

Answer 32

- receptor: monitors changes - control center: brain stem to signal effectors - effector: cells that send output to fix the "change"

Question 33

What is a feedback system?

Answer 33

cycle of events that monitors, evaluates, and responds to change

Question 34

What is the difference between positive and negative feedback systems?

Answer 34

negative feedback loops reverse a change in the controlled condition whereas, positive feedback loops "encourage" the change

Question 35

What are some examples of negative feedback systems in our body?

Answer 35

blood pressure, body temperature, blood glucose levels

Question 36

What are some examples of positive feedback systems?

Answer 36

childbirth, ovulation, and blood clotting

Question 37

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 37

it is the standardized method to observe or image the body to allow for consistency - erect with eyes facing forward, arms by your side with palms facing forward

Question 38

Directional terms are used to locate one part of the body relative to another. T/F

Answer 38

True.

Question 39

Superior = ?

Answer 39

toward the head

Question 40

inferior = ?

Answer 40

away from the head

Question 41

anterior = ?

Answer 41

towards the front of the body

Question 42

posterior = ?

Answer 42

towards the back of the body

Question 43

medial = ?

Answer 43

nearer to the midline

Question 44

lateral = ?

Answer 44

further from the midline

Question 45

Intermediate = ?

Answer 45

between two structures

Question 46

ipsilateral = ?

Answer 46

on the same side of the body as another structure

Question 47

contralateral = ?

Answer 47

on the opposite side of the body from another structure

Question 48

proximal = ?

Answer 48

nearer to the attachment of the limb TO THE TRUNK

Question 49

Distal = ?

Answer 49

farther from the attachment of the limb to the trunk

Question 50

superficial = ?

Answer 50

toward or on the surface of the body

Question 51

deep (internal) = ?

Answer 51

away from the surface of the body

Question 52

What are the 3 common planes used in NM?

Answer 52

1) coronal 2) transverse 3) sagittal

Question 53

Describe the coronal plane.

Answer 53

separating from anterior/posterior ("front and back") aka 'frontal'

Question 54

Describe the transverse plane.

Answer 54

separating from superior/inferior ("top and bottom half") - aka axial or transaxial

Question 55

Describe the sagittal plane.

Answer 55

separating from left and right. think right down the 'sagittal' line of the skull

Question 56

What are the 9 abdominal regions commonly used by anatomists?

Answer 56

1. right hypochondriac region 2. right lateral region 3. right inguinal region 4. epigastric region 5. umbilical region 6. hypogastric region 7. left hypochondriac region 8. left lateral region 9. left inguinal

Question 57

What are the 9 abdominal regions separated by?

Answer 57

2 transverse planes - subcostal plane, transtubercular plane 2 sagittal planes - right and left midclavicular planes

Question 58

What are the 4 abdominal regions commonly used by clinicians?

Answer 58

1. right upper quadrant 2. right lower quadrant 3. left upper quadrant 4. left lower quadrant

Question 59

What are the 4 abdominal regions separated by?

Answer 59

median plane + transumbilical plane

Question 60

What are body cavities?

Answer 60

they are spaces within the body that protect, separate, and support internal organs

Question 61

What are the 4 body cavities?

Answer 61

1. cranial cavity 2. vertebral canal 3. thoracic cavity 4. abdominopelvic cavity

Question 62

What are the 2 sub-body cavities in abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 62

abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

Question 63

What are the 3 sub-body cavities of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 63

1. pleural cavity 2. pericardial cavity 3. mediastinum

Question 64

What are serous membranes?

Answer 64

serous membranes are double-layered membranes that cover the viscera and lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen

Question 65

Which body cavities contain serous membrane?

Answer 65

thoracic - pleura around the lung + pericardium around the heart abdominal - peritoneum

Question 66

What is the difference between viscera and membrane?

Answer 66

viscera = organs inside the cavities membrane = thin, pliable tissue that covers, lines or connects structures