Otorhinolaryngic surgery test on 9/30 Flashcards
Acous/p
hearing
audi/o
hearing
aur/o
ear
auricle/o
auricle
cochle/o
cochlea
mastoid/o
mastoid
myring/o
tympanic membrane
eardrum
ossicul/o
ossicle
ot/o
ear
staped/o
stapes
tympan/o
tympanic membrane
-cusis
hearing
-otia
ear condition
laryng/o
larynx
nas/o
nasal
ot/o
ear
parathyroid/o
parathyroid
pharyng/o
pharnyx
phren/o
mind
brain
phrenic nerve
rhin/o
nose
thyr/o
thyroid
Thyroid/o
thyroid
What structures are in the outer ear? where does it stop?
tragus
auricle
stops at tympanic membrane
What structures are in the middle ear?
eustachian tube
mastoid sinus
ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
oval window
round window
What structures are in the internal ear?
semicircular canals
cochlea- organ of corti
labryinth
What is the vestibulocochlear nerve? and what # nerve?
balance and hearing
# 8
What are the ways of physiology of hearing?
bone conduction
fluid conduction
nerve conduction
sound wave reception
What is the physiology of balance/equilibrium?
semicircular canals and vestibule (endolymph-fluid)
vestibular nerve
What structures are in the nose?
nares
nasal cavity (choanae)
nasal conchae (turbinate’s)
What is the purpose of sinuses?
make the head lighter?
What 3 areas make up the pharynx?
nose to esophagus
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
What is the primary function of a thyroid gland?
iodine metabolism
normal growth and metabolism
How many lobes does the thyroid gland have?
2 connected by the isthmus near base of neck (anterior only)
Where are the parathyroid glands located? How many are there?
on posterior side of the thyroid gland
4 glands
What is the function of the parathyroid glands? What does it release?
regulation and maintenance of blood calcium concentration
releases parathormone for metabolism of calcium
Where does the blood supply to the thyroid/parathyroid glands come from?
inferior and superior thyroid arteries
When removing thyroid/ parathyroid, what should you never do?
through anything away
can be reattached
What is otitis externa?
“Swimmers ear”
infection or abscess to ear canal
What is otitis media?
inflammation/infection of the middle ear
caused by blockage or accumulation of fluid in eustachian tube- drain into nasopharynx
What is otosclerosis?
bony overgrowth on stapes
What is mastoiditis?
complication of acute otitis media (pain and purulent discharge)
If mastoiditis is untreated what can occur?
meningitis or encephalitis
What is deafness?
reduction in hearing
What are 7 types of deafness??
conduction deafness
central deafness
mixed-type deafness
functional deafness
congenital deafness
neonatal deafness
sensorineural deafness
Explain what conduction deafness is. Caused by? Is it permanent?
interference in soundwaves from external ear to middle ear
disease, infection, or trauma
possibly restored
Explain what central deafness is.
involves the cerebral cortex- brain
Explain what mixed-type deafness is.
involves conduction and the nervous system
Explain what functional deafness is.
psychogenic in nature
Explain what congenital deafness is.
present at time of birth
hereditary
Explain what neonatal deafness is.
occurs at birth
prematurity, trauma, Rh incompatibility
Explain what sensorineural deafness is.
“nerve deafness”
defect in cochlear or cochlear division of the nerve
What is Meniere’s disease?
disorder of the membranous labyrinth
dilation of the endolymphatic space
What structures can Meniere’s disease affect?
cochlea and/or vestibule
What can Meniere’s disease cause?
progressive deafness
vertigo
What is tinnitus?
“ringing of the ear”
possibly from damage to inner ear
What can cause tinnitus?
noise exposure
hearing loss
medications
earwax
ear infection
head and neck injuries
What can cause a ruptured tympanic membrane?
external trauma (q-tip)
pressure from middle ear
What are signs and symptoms of a ruptured tympanic mambrane?
pain
hearing loss
drainage
dizziness/ vertigo
What are signs and symptoms of vertigo?
sensation of spinning room
loss of balance
What are two types of vertigo?
peripheral
central
What is peripheral vertigo?
issue with inner ear that controls balance
What is central vertigo?
issue in the brain
What is cholesteatoma?
benign cyst or tumor
erodes mastoid cells
can damage ossicles
nerve 7 possibly damaged
What is epistaxis?
nosebleed
What are common causes of epistaxis?
trauma
drying of nasal mucosa
over blowing
hypertension
chronic inflammation
What are nose polyps? When are they common?
mass originating in mucous membrane
allergic rhinitis
What is sinusitis?
inflammation of mucosal lining of paranasal sinuses
serious if chronic or forming pus
What is choanal atresia?
congenital failure of nasopharyngeal septum to rupture during development
(blocked because baby doesn’t need to breathe but should rupture after birth so can breathe.)
What are the 3 salivary glands?
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
Explain where the parotid salivary gland is. What is another name for it?
largest near cheek area
Stensens duct
Explain where the submandibular salivary glandis. What is another name for it?
second largest by back jaw
Wharton’s duct
Explain where the sublingual salivary gland is. What is another name for it?
below the tongue
ducts of rivinus
What is tonsillitis? which tonsils are they?
inflammation of the tonsils
palatine tonsils visible at back of mouth
What is adenoiditis? which tonsils are they?
inflammation of the adenoids
pharyngeal tonsils
visible with mirror- upwards