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Surgical Tech 200 > Obstetrical & Gynecologic (test 1) > Flashcards

Obstetrical & Gynecologic (test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Amino -

A

Amniotic

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2
Q

Cervic/o

A

Cervix

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3
Q

Cop/o

A

Vagina

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4
Q

Could/o

A

Could de sac /retrouterine pouch

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5
Q

Fet/o

A

Fetus

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6
Q

Gon/o

A

Gonad/ ovaries

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7
Q

Gynec/o

A

Woman/ female

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8
Q

Hyster/o

A

Uterus

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9
Q

Lapar/o

A

Abdomen

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10
Q

Mamm/o

A

Breast

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11
Q

Mast/o

A

Breast

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12
Q

Men/o

A

Menstruation/ mensus

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13
Q

Metr/o

A

Uterus

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14
Q

Myom/o

A

Muscle/ myometrium

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15
Q

Nat/l

A

Birth

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16
Q

Oophor/o

A

Ovaries

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17
Q

Ovar/o

A

Egg/ ovum

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18
Q

Par/o

A

to give birth

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19
Q

Salping/o

A

Fallopian tubes

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20
Q

Uter/o

A

Uterus

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21
Q

Vagin/o

A

Vagina

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22
Q

Vulv/o

A

Vulva

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23
Q

Abortion

A

premature loss or expulsion of an embryo or fetus
spontaneous or induced

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24
Q

Amnion

A

one of four extraembryonic membrane, surrounds developing embryo or fetus

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25
Q

Chorion

A

Blood vessels form, first step in functional placenta, platform between mother and fetus for nutrients, oxygen, and waste

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26
Q

Embryo

A

development stage week 1-8

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27
Q

Fertilization

A

gametes (egg and sperm) form zygote

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28
Q

Fetus

A

week 9 to birth

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29
Q

Gestation

A

period of intrauterine development

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30
Q

Gravity

A

of pregnancies

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31
Q

Implantation

A

attachment of blastocyst into endometrium of uterine wall

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32
Q

Parity

A

of births, viable births
(20 weeks gestation)

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33
Q

Placenta

A

structure permits diffusion between fetal and maternal circulatory systems

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34
Q

Premature

A

Born before 37 weeks

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35
Q

Vulva

A

External
all structure that make up female genitalia

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36
Q

Labia

A

external
majora- outside skin
minora- inside skin

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37
Q

Clitoris

A

external
short sensitive erectile tissue

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38
Q

Vestibule

A

external
area between urethra and vagina

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39
Q

Vagina

A

Internal
entry into female

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40
Q

Perineum

A

external
area between vagina and anus

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41
Q

Glands (2 types)

A

Internal
Skene’s- paraurethral (upper)
Bartholin’s- greater vestibular (lower)

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42
Q

What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days in length
Menstrual phase
Proliferation/ Follicular phase
Secretory/ Luteal phase
Progestational/ Ischemic phase

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43
Q

Ovaries

A

Internal
hormone production- estrogen and progesterone
Oocyte formation
Ovarian ligament keeps in place

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44
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

Internal
conduct release of ovum from the ovary to the uterusU

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45
Q

Uterus

A

Internal
protects, nourishes, and removes waste for embryo and fetus

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46
Q

What are the parts of the Uterus?

A

Fundus -top
Corpus/ Body- middle
Cervix-lowest
Ligaments- suspend uterus in place

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47
Q

What are the four types of ligaments?

A

Round
Broad (batwing)
Cardinal
Uterosacral (uterus to sacrum)

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48
Q

What are the three uterine layers?

A

Endometrium- highly vascular
Myometrium- thick muscular
perimetrium- outer layer

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49
Q

What do the umbilical veins do?

A

moves oxygenated blood

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50
Q

What do the umbilical arteries do?

A

move deoxygenated blood

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51
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

A

right and left atrium
closes when born

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52
Q

What is the patent ductus arteriosus?

A

pulmonary artery and aorta
blood bypasses the lungs
fetus doesn’t breathe air
closes when born

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53
Q

What history should be ascertained?

A

obstetric history
menstrual
contraceptives
medical
surgical
social (sexual)

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54
Q

What instrument is used for physical inspection?

A

Graves bivalve speculum

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55
Q

What does bimanual mean?

A

one hand on abdomen and one hand in vagina

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56
Q

What does rectovaginal mean?

A

one finger in anus and one in vagina

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57
Q

What is inspected in a gyno visit?

A

external genitalia
vagina
cervix
pelvis

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58
Q

What is palpated in an examination?

A

cervix
uterus
adenexa (ovaries, fallopian tubes, and broad ligaments

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59
Q

What laboratory tests can be completed?

A

pregnancy
urinalysis
complete blood count (RBC, WBC, Hgb-hemoglobin- O2, Hct- hematocrit- red cells, and platelets)
Erythrocytes
blood chemistry

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60
Q

What is amenorrhea?

A

Absence of menstruation

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61
Q

What is dysmenorrhea?

A

Painful or difficult menstruation

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62
Q

What is menorrhagia

A

Excessive bleeding during menstruation

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63
Q

What is metrorragia?

A

Active uterine bleeding at times other then during menstruation

64
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Tissue implants outside of the uterus
Pain in abdomen during menstrual cycle

65
Q

S/s of cervical cancer

A

Early- asymptomatic
Later- abnormal bleeding after intercourse- metrorrhagia

66
Q

S/s of ovarian cancer

A

High mortality rate
Heavy menses, palpable abdominal mass

67
Q

S/s uterine cancer

A

Watery discharge, menorragia
Dx- D&C

68
Q

S/s of vulvar cancer

A

Menorrhagia, itching

69
Q

What are 2 types of herniations?

A

Cystocele- bladder
Rectocele- rectum
Prolapse is another term

70
Q

S/s of uterine prolapse

A

Weak pelvic support
Pain, incontinence, menstrual interruption, fertility problems

71
Q

What is another name for a fibroid tumor?
Where are the 3 locations of fibroids?

A

Leiomyoma uteri
Originates in myometrium
Usually benign
Only removed if cause of pain
On fibrous connective tissue

Intramural (middle)
Submucosal (inner)
Subserous (outer)

72
Q

What is an ovarian cyst?

A

Fluid filled sac attached to ovary
S/s unexplained pelvic pain, palpable mass

73
Q

What is an ovarian torsion?

A

Ovary or fallopian tube twist on itself
Emergency- no blood supply

74
Q

What is PID?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease
STD (gonorrhea or chlamydia) migrated to fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries
Can cause adhesions, sterility, ectopic pregnancy
S/s lower abdominal pain, malaise, fever, purulent vag discharge
Tx- antibiotics

75
Q

What is toxic shock syndrome?

A

Rare life threatening complication of bacterial disease infection
Recent surgery, open wounds, menstrual cups, tampons
Can spread to kidneys, CNS, gi system, hematologic system, CV system
S/s high fever low bp, vomit, diarrhea, rash on palms and soles
Tx- antibiotics, surgery

76
Q

What are the 2 incisional approaches?

A

Abdominal and vaginal

77
Q

What is the abdominal incision?

A

Vertical incision- midline or paramedics

Transverse incision-
30x stronger best cosmetic results, can compromise nerves,
Limits abdominal access,

78
Q

What are the 3 types of transverse incisions?

A

Pfannenstiel
Marylard
Cherney

79
Q

What is the vaginal incision?

A

Episiotomy
Can be straight from vagina to anus or at a 45 degree angle

80
Q

What is cytology?

A

Exam of cells from fluid specimens

Pap smear- scrape cervix & endocervical tissue
Dx presence of cervical dysplasia
Endocervix and ectocervix

81
Q

What is colposcopy?

A

Suspected carcinoma in-situ of cervix
Use binocular microscope
Many specimens taken
DO NOT prep patient

82
Q

What is a colpotomy?

A

Incision into posterior cut-de-sac (vaginal wall)
Intraperitoneal palpation
Inspection pelvic organs
Determination of free fluid, blood, or pus You n pouch of Douglas

83
Q

What is a culdoscopy?

A

Endoscopic exam of pelvic organs and structures
Small induction into posterior cut-de-sac
Investigate- unexplained pelvic pain, pelvic masses, ovarian disorders, infertility

84
Q

What is culdocentesis?

A

Fluid removal- specimen- from posterior cul-de-sac
Spinal needle used
Dx- suspected ectopic pregnancy

85
Q

What is Schillers test?

A

Vaginal vault and cervical squamous epithelium stained with Lugol’s solution- iodine based
Normal tissue -brown
Abnormal tissue- no stain
Biopsy on abnormal tissue
DO NOT prep patient

86
Q

What is a biopsy punch?

A

Removes small pieces of tissue
Cervical biopsy forceps
(Look like the kerrisons)

87
Q

What is LEEP?

A

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure
Excision of cone of tissue from cervix
Remove cancer lesion or obtain tissue bx

88
Q

What is conization of cervix?

A

Aka cold knife biopsy
Dx or tx of cervical dysplasia
Lugol’s or acetic acid to stain tissue
Biopsy taken with colposcope and biopsy punch, ESU, blade, or LEEP
Multi sections examined
Excision of cone from cervix

89
Q

What is Rubin’s test?

A

Aka- utero tubal insufflation
CO2 introduce to cervical canal
Checks patency of fallopian tubes

90
Q

What are some indications of a hysteroscopy?

A

abnormal bleeding
locate and remove IUD
evaluation of infertility
Dx of pathologies
Tx of pathologies

91
Q

What are some complications of a hysteroscopy?

A

perforation of the uterus
injury to intestines
injury to urinary tract
injury to uterine vessels
intravasation- absorption into body

92
Q

What 5 solutions can be used and a hysteroscopy?
Which one is non-conductive?

A

1.5% Glycine
Dextran
Sorbitol non-conductive
0.9% NSS
Lactated ringers

93
Q

What is a hysterosalpingography?

A

insertion of contrast into cervical canal
structure and function of uterus and tubes
can evaluate fertility

94
Q

What is chromotubation?

A

determines patency of fallopian tubes
Methylene blue mixed with NSS

95
Q

What areas of the body are seen in a laparoscopy/ Pelviscopy?

A

peritoneal cavity
pelvic anatomy
through anterior wall

96
Q

Why are laparoscopy and pelviscopies performed?

A

unexplained pelvis pain
pelvic masses
ovarian disorder
infertility

97
Q

What are some need to knows about a uterine manipulator?

A

usually placed before procedure
canula
change gloves after placement and before procedure
cannula and cone together makes up the instrument

98
Q

What happens in a uterine curettage D&C?

A

tissue obtained for histogy
endocervical and endometrium tissues sent as specimens

99
Q

What happens in a D,C, and E?

A

Dilation, curettage, and evacuation- remove tissue and products from conception
use curettes 7mm to 12mm
keep machine covered till patient is under

100
Q

What are the 5 types of abortions?

A

Missed-
Incomplete-
Imminent-
Spontaneous-
Voluntary interrupted-

101
Q

What are the 2 types of cervical cerclage techniques?

A

Shirodkar- closes the Internal Os
Macdonald- closed the outer Os
Tx of incompetent cervix- wont stay closed during pregnancy
Suture stays in place until vaginal delivery

102
Q

What is Brachytherapy?

A

Internal radiation therapy
Tx cervical or endometrial malignancies
low or high dose
material placed in uterus or vagina
hospital stay 1-3 days, special precautions

103
Q

What is endometrial ablation?
What 2 ways are used to perform procedure?

A

destroying of the uterine lining
Intrauterine thermal balloon kit- HOT H2O
or Novasure- electricity

104
Q

What is a myomectomy?

A

removal of uterine muscle fibroids; without removing the uterus

105
Q

What is a uterine fibroid embolization?

A

catheter placed in uterine arteries, small particles injected to block the branches, cuts off blood to the fibroids.
polyvinyl alcohol- course sand
gelatin sponge- gelfoam
microspheres
local anesthesia

106
Q

What is an abdominal hysterectomy?

A

removal of uterus and cervix through an abdominal incision

107
Q

What 4 ligaments are ligated in an abdominal hysterectomy?

A

Cardinal (posterior and anterior)
Uterosacral
Round
Broad

108
Q

What is a subtotal hysterectomy?

A

removal of uterus
cervix stays

109
Q

What is a vaginal hysterectomy?

A

removal of uterus through incision in vaginal wall and abdominal cavity
Auvard speculum used
indication of prolapsed uterus

110
Q

What is an LAVH?

A

laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy-removal of uterus through vagina
endoscope used
if patient has endometriosis, nulliparity (no kids), pelvic adhesions
2 set ups usually

111
Q

What is a robotic-assisted Hysterectomy?

A

LAVH and robot

112
Q

What is a Wertheim-Meigs radical hysterectomy?

A

dissection and removal of all pelvic lymph nodes
removal of uterus, tubes, ovaries, ligaments, and upper vagina

113
Q

What is a pelvic exenteration?

A

TX for persistent cancer
can tX vulvar, vaginal, rectal, endometrial cancer
complete removal of rectum, distal sigmoid colon, urinary bladder, internal iliac vessels, reproductive organs, lymph nodes, pelvic floor and peritoneum, levator muscles, and perineum

114
Q

Define salpingectomy

A

removal of fallopian tubes

115
Q

Define oophorectomy

A

removal of ovary

116
Q

Define salpingoophorectomy

A

removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries

117
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

implantation in the fallopian tube
emergency surgery needed
risk factors:
history of PID
previous ectopic pregnancy
pregnant following sterilization
previous tubal reconstruction
IUD
infertility

118
Q

What is a tuboplasty?

A

repair of the fallopian tubes
dilate with a balloon; free adhesions
repair with a suture

119
Q

What is labiaplasty

A

Tx of protruding labia

120
Q

What is a perineal laceration and what are the 4 degrees?

A

Tx of vaginal tear from childbirth, trauma
1st- vaginal mucosa torn
2nd- perineal muscles torn
3rd anal sphincter torn
4th rectum torn

121
Q

What is a vulvectomy?

A

Tx of carcinoma of vulva
removal of labia majora, labia minora, glans clitoris, inguinal & pelvic lymph nodes

122
Q

What is ablation of condyloma?

A

removal of genital warts with laser
wear N95 mask

123
Q

What is marsupialization of Bartholin’s glands?

A

removal of a cyst
pouch is sutured open

124
Q

What is a colpcleisis procedure?

A

closing of the vagina
Tx of uterine prolapse
for women who are not sexually active

125
Q

What is a fistula?

A

opening between the vagina and another space
Tx is anterior or posterior repair

126
Q

What is a rectovaginal fistula?

A

opening between vagina and rectum

127
Q

What is a vesicovaginal fistula?

A

opening between vagina and bladder

128
Q

What is a vesicouterine fistula?

A

opening between vagina and uterus

129
Q

What is a urethrovaginal fistula?

A

opening between the vagina and urthra

130
Q

What is a colporraphy?

A

repair of weakness in the vagina walls
removal of excess tissue
Tx vaginal fistula, uterine prolapse

131
Q

What is a cesarean section (c-section)?

A

removal of fetus through abdomen
scheduled or emergent
-count when uterus id closed
Pfannenstiel incision

132
Q

How is baby delivered in a c-section?

A

head first

133
Q

what is immediate action when baby is first delivered

A

suction the airway

134
Q

What is the most significant cause of morbidity during a c-section?

A

anesthesia problems

135
Q

What retractor is used during a c-section?

A

Balfour or DeLee

136
Q

What is the most common reason for a c-section?

A

cervix will not dilate

137
Q

What is cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)?

A

mothers pelvis is to small for fetus head

138
Q

What are 3 abnormal presentations of the fetus?

A

Breech- butt first
Transverse- fetus cross-wise
footling- feet first

139
Q

What is abruptio placenta?

A

placenta separates prematurely from wall of uterus

140
Q

What is placento previa?

A

placenta implanted on uterine segment- abnormally
covering os cervix

141
Q

Can the cervix have cancer?

A

yes carcinoma of cervix

142
Q

What is disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)?

A

serious emergency
coagulopathy-heavy bleeding
overstimulation of clotting and anticlotting process
seen in abruptio placent

143
Q

What is preeclampsia?

A

sudden hypertension, albuminuria, and edema of hands, feet, and face

144
Q

What is nochal cord?

A

umbilical cord wrapped around fetus neck

145
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and respiration

146
Q

What are the three levels of the APGAR scoring?

A

0-3 severely depressed
4-6 moderately depressed
8-10 good

147
Q

What anelgesics are used in OB/GYN?

A

Lidocaine- numb cervix
Meperidine hydrochloride/Demerol- during c-section

148
Q

What is acetic acid 3% used for?

A

remove mucous
facilitate visualization of cervix in colposcopy

149
Q

What anti-infection cream is used?

A

Sulfa- vaginal packing
cauterize or laser ablations

150
Q

What is methylene blue/ indigo carmine used for?

A

check for tubal patency
verify uterus not injured

151
Q

What is the Lugols solution used for?
What is the name of the test?

A

Schiller’s test
purple iodine
normal tissue turns brown
abnormal no change

152
Q

What oxytocics are used?

A

Pitocin- stimulates uterus to contract

153
Q

What lasers can be used in OB/GYN?

A

carbon dioxide
Holmium: YAG
wear proper PPE: glasses and mask

154
Q

When doing a vaginal & abdominal procedures, which one is done first?

A

Diagnostic will be done first (D&C and TAH)
if both nondiagnostic (TAH and A&P repair)

155
Q

What are some Special considerations when patient is catheterized?

A

prevents bladder distention
decompresses to prevent injury
can record urinalysis
bag checked for blood

156
Q
A

Surgical Tech 200 (11 decks)

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