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Surgical Tech 200 > Diagnostic Interventions (test 1) > Flashcards

Diagnostic Interventions (test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is subjective data?

A

What patient tells you; their history obtained during patient interview

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2
Q

What is objective data?

A

What provider observes; physical done by head to toe assessment

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3
Q

What are signs?

A

Objective
Externally observable
(rash or fever)

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4
Q

What are symptoms?

A

Subjective
How patient feels
(pain, nausea, fatigue)

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5
Q

What are the 5 ways to discover patients signs and symptoms?

A

Direct visualization
Enhanced visualization (scope)
Indirect visualization (mirror)
Palpation
Auscultation

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6
Q

What are 5 ways laboratory studies are done?

A

Hematology
Urinalysis
Tissue specimens
Surgical specimens
Endoscopy

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7
Q

What are some hematology tests?

A

-Complete blood count (<10,000 white cells= elevated-potential issues)
-blood chemistry findings (kidney/liver)
- coagulation tests (pt/ptt 1 min max to clot)
- blood type
- pregnancy test

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8
Q

What do laboratory studies tell us about urinalysis?

A

Kidney and urinary tract status
Bodies overall health
PH
Specific gravity- dehydration
Color, clarity, and odor

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9
Q

What does laboratory studies tell us about tissue specimens?

A

Bacteriological tests
Culture and sensitivity
Gram stain

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10
Q

How do we obtain surgical specimens?

A

Needle biopsy
Washings and brush
Incisional and excisional biopsy
Fluid analysis (centesis-puncture)
Spinal tap

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11
Q

What does the pulmonary assessment tell us?

A

Pulse oximetey- o2 (greater then 92)
Capnography- Co2
Spirometer- air depth
Blood gases

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12
Q

What does the pulmonary assessment tell us?

A

Pulse oximetey- o2 (greater then 92)
Capnography- Co2
Spirometer- air depth
Blood gases

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13
Q

What is Plethysmography?

A

Blood flow assessment:
Measures variation of volume In extremities
Treatment of diabetes

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14
Q

What is Phleborrheography?

A

A blood flow assessment:
Rhythmic changes in venous volume in legs are associated with respirations
Dx of DVT deep vein thrombosis (clot)

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15
Q

What is an electrocardiograpghy?

A

ECG/EKG- records electrical activity of heart

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16
Q

What is an electroencephalography?

A

EEG- measures electrical activity of brain
Can Dx seizure disorder, tumor, etc

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17
Q

What are 3 types of diagnostic studies?

A

Magnetic
Ultrasound
Radiology

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18
Q

What kind of diagnostic study is MRI?
What is MRI?

A

Magnetic
Magnetic resonance imaging
2 forms of energy to create an image
Spinning hydrogen atom in field
It’s loud
good for viewing soft tissue (brain, herniated disc, spinal cord and nerves)
*NO METAL

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19
Q

What is ultra sonography?

A

High frequency sound waves- movement of red blood cells
Performed by sonography
Useful for Dx:
abdominopelvic cavity
Carotid artery stenosis
Fetus
Heart
not the lungs

20
Q

What is a Doppler ultrasonography?

A

Measures velocity of blood flow

21
Q

What is the TEE probe?

A

Transesophageal echocardiography
More invasive
Goes down esophagus- can see heart and surrounding structures
Performed by doctor

22
Q

What is ionizing radiation?

A

X-rays

Process by which energy directly or indirectly induces ionization of radiation-absorbing material or tissue

Can cause changes in cell membranes, enzyme functions, protein structures, and genetic materials

23
Q

What are some facts about radiation?

A

Can damage tissue and produce long-term effects
Dose dependent and cumulative
Large dose and frequent exposure increases risk of toxic effects

Disease- bone, thyroid, gonadal cancer, cataracts, spontaneous abortion

24
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonably Possible

Limit time
Increase distance
Use shielding (aprons, shields, glasses, gloves, dosimeter

25
Q

What are radiation exposure limits?

A

General public 100mrem/yr
Patients- whatever necessary
Workers- whole body 5000mrem /yr
Fetus 500mrem/yr

26
Q

What are the 9 types of ionizing radiation?

A

X-ray
Fluoroscopy
Mammography
CAT scan
Myelography
Angiography
Cardiac cath
Cholangiography
Urograpghy

27
Q

What are x-rays?

A

Visualize skeletal structures
Visualize internal structures
Verify location
Locate items (oops)

28
Q

What is mammograpghy?

A

X-rays of the breast to find tumors
Non-invasive
Pre operative needle can be inserted to biopsy a tumor

29
Q

What is radiopaque contrast media?

A

X-rayable dyes
Injected into arteries, veins, ducts, or subarachnoid space

30
Q

What are the common anatomical access sites in the OR?

A

Supraclavicular
Infraclavicular
Subclavian
Femoral (most often)

31
Q

Seldinger’s technique

A

Percutaneous
Needle in
Guide wire in
Needle out
Enlarge incision
Place sheath over guide wire
Advance sheath- dilator becomes visible

32
Q

What is the cut- down technique?

A

Access through the femoral artery

33
Q

What is CAT or CT scan?

A

Computed axial tomography
Radiopaque contrast used
Fast
Detect fresh bleeding

34
Q

What is myelography?

A

Uses Radiopaque contrast
Spinal cord images
Spinal cord pathologies

35
Q

What is fluoroscopy?

A

Uses Radiopaque contrast
Used on moving images
C-arm in room

36
Q

What is angiography?

A

Uses Radiopaque contrast to visualize structures
Assesses cause & severity of peripheral vascular disease
Femoral artery used access site

37
Q

What is cardiac catheterization?

A

Uses Radiopaque contrast
Inserted into heart
Evaluation of heart function
See coronary arteries and cardiac chambers

38
Q

What is a cholangiography?

A

Uses Radiopaque contrast
Use with cholecystectomy
See common bile duct

39
Q

What is a urography?

A

Uses contrast media to outline renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder
Cystoscopy procedures
Dx of stones (calculi)

40
Q

What are the roles of the surgical tech?

A

Prepare supplies
Control catheters and guide wires
Prepare medications
keep track of amount

41
Q

What are some complications of radiation?

A

Hematoma
Reactions to contrast
Changes in pulse/extremities
Neurological changes (numbness)
N&V

42
Q

What is nuclear medicine?

A

Radioisotope imaging
Gamma radiation- see organ, system, cavity, tissue
Radionuclides emit gamma radiation
Dx & Tx
Administered by IV, PO, and direct deposition

43
Q

What is a PET scan?

A

Positron emission tomography
Radioisotope imaging
Highlights chemical & metabolic activity (brain scans)
Combines CT and radioisotope scanning

44
Q

What is scintigraphy?

A

Radioisotope imaging
Aka isotope scanning
Iv injection, ingestion, or inhalation
Collection of isotopes indicates pathological condition

45
Q

What is interventional radiology?

A

Branch involves minimally invasive procedures
X-rays
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
Ultrasound
Computerized tomography (CT)

Surgical Tech 200 (11 decks)

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