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Surgical Tech 200 > Orthopedics on 10/28 > Flashcards

Orthopedics on 10/28 Flashcards

1
Q

Ankyl/o

A

crooked, bent, stiff

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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3
Q

burs/o

A

bursaca

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4
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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5
Q

carp/o

A

wrist

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6
Q

cervic/o

A

cervical

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7
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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8
Q

claviclu/o

A

clavicle

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9
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx

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10
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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11
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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12
Q

femor/o

A

femur

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13
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

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14
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

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15
Q

ili/o

A

iliem

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16
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium

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17
Q

lumb/o

A

lumbar

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18
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpal

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19
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsal

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20
Q

musculo/o

A

muscle

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21
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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22
Q

myel/o

A

spine

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23
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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24
Q

patell/o

A

patella

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25
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

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26
Q

phalang/o

A

finger

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27
Q

pub/o

A

pubic

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28
Q

radi/o

A

radius

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29
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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30
Q

scapula/o

A

scapula

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31
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

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32
Q

tars/o

A

tarsal

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33
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

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34
Q

tend/o

A

tendon

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35
Q

thorac/o

A

thoracic

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36
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

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37
Q

uln/o

A

ulna

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38
Q

vetrbra/o

A

vertebrae, spine

39
Q

origin

A

proximal attachment

40
Q

insertion

A

distal attachment

41
Q

How many bones in the body?

42
Q

what makes up the axial skeleton?

A

bones of the head, trunk, and vertebrae

43
Q

what makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

appendages, pelvic girdle, shoulder girdle

44
Q

reabsorption

A

removal of old bone

45
Q

formation

A

adding new bone

46
Q

bone remodeling facts..

A

faster as a child
slows at 20
complete skeletal turnover every 10 years

47
Q

what influences bone remodeling?

A

vitamins
diet
activity
hormones

48
Q

what are the 3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

49
Q

what is hyaline cartilage?

A

pale blue=white and smooth
provides surface, resistance to compressive forces at the articulation

50
Q

what structures have hyaline cartilage?

A

trachea
nose
epiphyseal growth plate
sternum
ventral ribs

51
Q

what is elastic cartilage?

A

dull yellow
provides flexibility and resilience to pressure

52
Q

what structures have elastic cartilage?

A

larynx
ear
epiglottis
eustachian tube

53
Q

what is fibrocartilage?

A

resists high degrees of tension and compression

54
Q

what structures have fibrocartilage?

A

tendons
ligaments
intervertebral discs
articular surfaces of some bones
menisci- knee
labrum- shoulder

55
Q

What do tendons connect?
what do ligaments connect?

A

tendons connect muscle to bone
ligaments connect bone to bone

56
Q

osteogenesis

A

formation of bone

57
Q

ossification

A

harden into bone

58
Q

What is formed in bone ossification?

A

bone matrix

59
Q

What do minerals and collagen do for the bones?
What are the specific minerals?

A

minerals= strength
collagen= resistance
calcium and phosphorous

60
Q

What are the 2 types of bone osteogenesis?

A

endochondral
intramembranous

61
Q

what is endochondral bone formation?

A

process by which cartilage is formed and replaced by bone cells

62
Q

What is intramembranous bone formation?

A

direct conversion of mesenchymal (stem cells) tissue into bone

63
Q

What is the Haversian system?

64
Q

What is the function of the bones?

A

framework
support
protection
attachment for muscles
storage of minerals
blood cell production

65
Q

What minerals are stored in the bones?

A

calcium
phosphorous
magnesium
sodium
potassium

66
Q

hematopoiesis

A

process of making blood cells and platelets

67
Q

What are osteoclasts? What is removed?

A

responsible for dissolving and reabsorption of bone
calcium

68
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

responsible for bone formation

69
Q

What are osteocytes? Where are they located?

A

mature bone cells responsible for bone maintenance
lacunae

70
Q

What is a cortical bone?

A

compact bone
hard and dense
surrounds the marrow cavity
contains the Haversian systems

71
Q

What is a cancellous bone?

A

spongy bone
found at ends of bone
line medullary marrow
adapts to load bearing
composed of osteocytes and matrix

72
Q

What are the 3 structures of the long bone?

A

epiphysis ends
diaphysis middle
epiphyseal plate/line growth plate

73
Q

What is articular cartilage? Where is it located?

A

firm, white connective tissue
found at articulating surfaces
where 2 joints meet

74
Q

What is bone marrow?

A

semi-solid tissue found in cancellous bone
vascular tissue
located in medullary cavity of long bone

75
Q

What structures have red bone marrow?

A

sternum
ilium
vertebrae
ribs

76
Q

What is yellow bone marrow?

A

in adult’s long bones become fatty but convert back to red in reaction to hemorrhagic trauma

77
Q

What is the endosteum of a bone?

A

thin vascular membrane
covers marrow cavities
contains osteocytes

78
Q

What is the periosteum of a bone? What does it contain?
What does it attach?

A

dense fibrous membrane that covers bone, nourishes and facilitates growth
contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics
attaches tendons to ligaments

79
Q

What are the 2 layers of the periosteum?

A

inner- new bone cells are formed
outer- defends against infection

80
Q

projections/process

A

raised part of bone
attachment for tendons and ligaments

81
Q

fossa

A

depressions
inward curvature of bone

82
Q

foramen

A

opening
hole for vessels and nerves to pass

83
Q

condoyle

A

large prominence

84
Q

articulating surfaces

A

where two surfaces meet

85
Q

What vessels are in the cancellous bone?

A

spongy
epiphyseal vessels

86
Q

What vessels are in the compact bone?

A

cortical
periosteal vessels

87
Q

What vessels are in the periosteum?

A

nutrient arteries

88
Q

What are examples of long bones?

A

femur
humorous
tibia
fibula

89
Q

What are examples of short bones?

A

carpals
tarsals

90
Q

What are examples of flat bones?

A

ribs
scapula
sternum
skull

91
Q

What are examples of irregular bones?

A

vertebrae
mandible

92
Q

What are examples of sesamoid bones?

A

round and found with a tendon
patella
ball of foot

Surgical Tech 200 (11 decks)

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