Other Neurodevelopmental Deck (including ID) Flashcards
what is a mnemonic for the Ericksonian stages
what is object permanence
concept from Piaget
a childs ability to know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard
what is object permanence
concept from Mahler
psychodynamic term where the object is an “object of your affection”
occurs when the internalization of the relationship with the mother is adequate enough for the child to feel secure in the absence of the mother
before age 1, what emotional states exist in the child
negative–> distress
positive–> satiated
at what age do the primary emotions develop? what are these emotions
age 1
joy, anger, surprise, sadness, shyness, fear
when does the social smile develop
age 1-2 months
when do babies start to laugh out loud
4 months
when do babies start to laugh in response to games
7-9 months
when does stranger anxiety start and peak
starts around 4 months
peaks around 8-10 months
can last up to 18-24 months
separation anxiety starts at 8-10 months and peaks at 14-18 months
at what age do the “moral” or “self conscious” emotions start
age 2
what are two ways that children understand/regulate emotions
- social referencing
- joint attention
what is social referencing
using another person’s response to an ambiguous situation as a guide for one’s own response
by 1 year, infants are acutely sensitive to the emotional cues of other people
by what age does temperament become stable
4 months
impact of temperament on personality is dependent on “goodness of fit”
these characteristics persist throughout adulthood
in what % of cases of ID can you find a genetic etiology
40-50% of cases
list prenatal exposures that can result in ID
maternal DM
congenital rubella
CMV
syphillis
toxoplasmosis
herpes
AIDS
in utero EtOH expposure
list perinatal etiologies of ID
hypoxia
complications of prematurity
intra cerebral hemorrhage
list post natal causes of ID
deprivation, malnutrition
infections, toxins, trauma, inborn errors of metabolism
what is the rate of ASD in ID
10%
what is the age range for dx of GDD
under age 5
when clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed
fails to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning
which gene is responsible for Fragile X
mutation of FMRI gene
–> CGG trinucleotide repeats in of more than 200-230 repeats
how do you work up a child with GDD
routine microarray testing and molecular testing for fragile X
metabolic screening not indicated initially but may consider later
consider REtt syndrome in girls
serum lead if indicated
consider EEG only if sx of epilepsy
if physical findings, use MRI over CT
what are the physical features of fragile X
prominent forehead
long narrow face
prominent jaw
large ears
what is the most common inherited cause of ID
fragile X
what are the most common psychiatric comorbidities in those with fragile X
ADHD (80% boys, 30% girls)
anxiety
ASD (30%)
what is the most common preventable cause of ID
FASD
what are the 3 sentinel facial features of FASD
short palpebral fissure length
thin upper lip
smooth or flattened philtrum
what is the most common genetic disorder
trisomy 21
how might an infant with down syndrome look
hypotonia
single transverse palmar crease
epicanthal folds
flat nasal bridge
upward slanting palpebral fissures
brushfield spots
small mouth
small ears
excessive skin at nape of neck
hearing loss, otitis media
what medical comorbidities are common with down syndrome
eye disease
OSA
congenital heart defects
thyroid disease
neurologic dysfunction
GI defects
hearing loss
what gene is responsible for Prader Willi
deletion on long arm of chr. 15
prader willi review
what medical condition is common with angelman syndrome (chr. 15 deletion)
90% have epilepsy
what are two particular characteristics that may help distinguish those with angelman syndrome
love water/music
happy, paroxysmal laugh
turner syndrome review
*not an important cause of ID
what is a mnemonic to remember the phsycial manifestations of digeorge
CATCH 22
cardiac anomaly
T cell deficit
cleft palate
hypocalcemia
(on the 22q11 chromosome)
cornelia de lange review
which disorder is associated wiht severe self biting
lesch-nyhan syndrome
lesch-nyhan review
cri du chat review
smith-magenis review
moderate MR
hyperactivity
SEVERE SELF INJURY (head banging, hand biting, pulling out nails)
rubenstein taybi review
hurler syndrome review
PKU review
tuberous sclerosis review
neurofibromatosis review
