Other Neurodevelopmental Deck (including ID)

Question 1

what is a mnemonic for the Ericksonian stages

Answer 1

Question 2

what is object permanence

Answer 2

concept from Piaget

a childs ability to know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard

Question 3

what is object permanence

Answer 3

concept from Mahler

psychodynamic term where the object is an “object of your affection”

occurs when the internalization of the relationship with the mother is adequate enough for the child to feel secure in the absence of the mother

Question 4

before age 1, what emotional states exist in the child

Answer 4

negative–> distress

positive–> satiated

Question 5

at what age do the primary emotions develop? what are these emotions

Answer 5

age 1

joy, anger, surprise, sadness, shyness, fear

Question 6

when does the social smile develop

Answer 6

age 1-2 months

Question 7

when do babies start to laugh out loud

Answer 7

4 months

Question 8

when do babies start to laugh in response to games

Answer 8

7-9 months

Question 9

when does stranger anxiety start and peak

Answer 9

starts around 4 months
peaks around 8-10 months
can last up to 18-24 months

separation anxiety starts at 8-10 months and peaks at 14-18 months

Question 10

at what age do the “moral” or “self conscious” emotions start

Answer 10

age 2

Question 11

what are two ways that children understand/regulate emotions

Answer 11

1. social referencing
2. joint attention

Question 12

what is social referencing

Answer 12

using another person’s response to an ambiguous situation as a guide for one’s own response

by 1 year, infants are acutely sensitive to the emotional cues of other people

Question 13

by what age does temperament become stable

Answer 13

4 months

impact of temperament on personality is dependent on “goodness of fit”

these characteristics persist throughout adulthood

Question 14

in what % of cases of ID can you find a genetic etiology

Answer 14

40-50% of cases

Question 15

list prenatal exposures that can result in ID

Answer 15

maternal DM

congenital rubella

CMV

syphillis

toxoplasmosis

herpes

AIDS

in utero EtOH expposure

Question 16

list perinatal etiologies of ID

Answer 16

hypoxia

complications of prematurity

intra cerebral hemorrhage

Question 17

list post natal causes of ID

Answer 17

deprivation, malnutrition

infections, toxins, trauma, inborn errors of metabolism

Question 18

what is the rate of ASD in ID

Answer 18

10%

Question 19

what is the age range for dx of GDD

Answer 19

under age 5

when clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed

fails to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning

Question 20

which gene is responsible for Fragile X

Answer 20

mutation of FMRI gene
–> CGG trinucleotide repeats in of more than 200-230 repeats

Question 21

how do you work up a child with GDD

Answer 21

routine microarray testing and molecular testing for fragile X

metabolic screening not indicated initially but may consider later

consider REtt syndrome in girls

serum lead if indicated

consider EEG only if sx of epilepsy

if physical findings, use MRI over CT

Question 22

what are the physical features of fragile X

Answer 22

prominent forehead
long narrow face
prominent jaw
large ears

Question 23

what is the most common inherited cause of ID

Answer 23

fragile X

Question 24

what are the most common psychiatric comorbidities in those with fragile X

Answer 24

ADHD (80% boys, 30% girls)

anxiety

ASD (30%)

Question 25

what is the most common preventable cause of ID

Answer 25

FASD

Question 26

what are the 3 sentinel facial features of FASD

Answer 26

short palpebral fissure length

thin upper lip

smooth or flattened philtrum

Question 27

what is the most common genetic disorder

Answer 27

trisomy 21

Question 28

how might an infant with down syndrome look

Answer 28

hypotonia

single transverse palmar crease

epicanthal folds

flat nasal bridge

upward slanting palpebral fissures

brushfield spots

small mouth

small ears

excessive skin at nape of neck

hearing loss, otitis media

Question 29

what medical comorbidities are common with down syndrome

Answer 29

eye disease

OSA

congenital heart defects

thyroid disease

neurologic dysfunction

GI defects

hearing loss

Question 30

what gene is responsible for Prader Willi

Answer 30

deletion on long arm of chr. 15

Question 31

prader willi review

Answer 31

Question 32

what medical condition is common with angelman syndrome (chr. 15 deletion)

Answer 32

90% have epilepsy

Question 33

what are two particular characteristics that may help distinguish those with angelman syndrome

Answer 33

love water/music

happy, paroxysmal laugh

Question 34

turner syndrome review

Answer 34

*not an important cause of ID

Question 35

what is a mnemonic to remember the phsycial manifestations of digeorge

Answer 35

CATCH 22

cardiac anomaly

T cell deficit

cleft palate

hypocalcemia

(on the 22q11 chromosome)

Question 36

cornelia de lange review

Answer 36

Question 37

which disorder is associated wiht severe self biting

Answer 37

lesch-nyhan syndrome

Question 38

lesch-nyhan review

Answer 38

Question 39

cri du chat review

Answer 39

Question 40

smith-magenis review

Answer 40

moderate MR
hyperactivity
SEVERE SELF INJURY (head banging, hand biting, pulling out nails)

Question 41

rubenstein taybi review

Answer 41

Question 42

hurler syndrome review

Answer 42

Question 43

PKU review

Answer 43

Question 44

tuberous sclerosis review

Answer 44

Question 45

neurofibromatosis review

Answer 45