Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry > Communication Disorders > Flashcards

Communication Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

list the communication disorders

A

language disorder

speech sound disorder

childhood onset fluency disorder (stuttering)

social (pragmatic) communication disorder

unspecified communication disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many criteria are there for language disorder

A

4 (A, B, C, D)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is criterion A for language disorder

A

persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across modalities (spoken, written, sign, other) due to deficits in comprehension or production that include the following:

  1. reduced vocabulary (word knowledge and use)
  2. limited sentence structure (ability to put words and word endings together to form sentences based on the rules of grammar and morphology )
  3. impairments in discourse (ability to use vocabulary and connect sentences to explain or describe a topic or series of events or have a conversation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is criterion B for language disorder

A

language abilities are substantially and quantifiably below those expected for age, resulting in functional limitations in effective communication, social participation, academic achievement or occupational performance, individually or in any combination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is criterion C for language disorder

A

onset of symptoms in the early developmental period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is criterion D for language disorder

A

difficulties not attributable to hearing or other sensory impairment, motor dysfunction, or another medical or neurological condition and are not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is expressive language ability

A

the production of vocal, gestural or verbal signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is receptive language ability

A

process of receiving and comprehending language messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why do both expressive and receptive language modalities need to be assessed

A

may differ in severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what aspects of speech does language disorder usually impair

A

vocabulary and grammar–> which then limits the capacity for discourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does language disorder usually present

A

childs first words or phrases are likely to be delayed in onset

vocabulary size is smaller and less varied than expected

sentences are shorter and less complex with grammatical errors, especially in the PAST TENSE

there may be word finding problems, impoverished verbal definitions, or poor understanding or synonyms, multiple meanings or word play appropriate for age and culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

are language deficits usually over or underestimated

A

usually underestimated, as kids are good as using context to infer meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in language disorder, how are difficulties with discourse often demonstrated

A

shown by a reduced ability to provide adequate information about the ket events and to narrate a coherent story

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in language disorder, how are problems with remembering new words often demonstrated

A

difficulties following instructions of increasing length, difficulties rehearsing strings of verbal info (i.e phone number, shopping list), difficulties remembering novel sound sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is a diagnosis of language disorder made

A

based on the:

synthesis of the individuals history

direct clinical observation in different contexts

and scores from standardized tests of language ability which can guide estimates of severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the relationship between family history and language disorder

A

a positive family history of language disorders is often present in those presenting with language disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what social indicators may prompt referral for a full language assessment (r/o language disorder)

A

being shy or reticent to talk

preference to communicate only with family members or other familiar individuals

*not diagnostic but if notable and persistent, want to rule out language disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when does the adult level of language competency appear

A

adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

by what age are individual differences/variations in language acquisition more stable (with better measurement accuracy i.e in assessing language disorder)

A

by age 4 years

differences by this age are easier to measure and more predictive of later outcomes

language disorder diagnosed from age 4 years is likely to be stable over time and typically persists into adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are some prognostic factors in the assessment of language disorder

A

children with RECEPTIVE language impairments have a POORER prognosis than those with predominantely expressive impairments

(they are more resistant to treatment, and difficulties with reading comprehension are frequently seen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

list the general ddx for language disorder

A

normal variations in language

hearing or other sensory impairment

intellectual disability

neurological disorder

language regression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is often the presenting feature of intellectual disability

A

language delay

*the definitive diagnosis of language disorder vs intellectual disability may not be able to be made until the child is able to complete standardizes assessments; separate diagnosis not given unless language deficits are clearly in excess of intellectual limitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what should you consider if you see language regression in a child younger than 3 years old

A

may be a sign of ASD (along with developmental regression) or specific neurological condition (i.e landau-kleffner syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what should you consider if you see language regression in a child older than 3 years

A

may be symptom of seizures (must assess for epilepsy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how many criteria are there for speech sound disorder
4
26
what is criterion A for speech sound disorder
persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages
27
what is criterion B for speech sound disorder
disturbance causes limitations in effective communication that interferes with social participation, academic achievement or occupational performance (individually or in combination)
28
what is criterion C for speech sound disorder
onset of symptoms in early developmental period
29
what is criterion D for speech sound disorder
difficulties not attributable to congenital or acquired conditions, such as cerebral palsy, cleft palate, deafness or hearing loss, TBI or other med or neuro condition
30
what elements are required for speech sound production
both the phonological knowledge of speech sounds and the ability to coordinate the movements of the articulators (jaw, tongue, lips) with breathing and vocalization for speech
31
what are the two aspects of speech sound disorder
phonological disorders (knowledge of the sounds) and/or articulation disorder (the ability to make the sounds)
32
what % of speech should be intelligible at age 2 years? at age 4 years?
2 years--> 50% intelligible 4 years--> overall speech should be intelligible *children with speech sound disorder continue to use immature phonological simplification processes past the age when most children can produce words clearly
33
by what age should most speech sounds be produced clearly, and most words pronounced accurately according to age and community norms?
age 7
34
what are the "late 8" speech sounds?
L R S Z Th Ch Dzh Zh *these are the most frequently misarticulated sounds and thus they also tend to be learned later *misarticulation of any of these sounds by itself could be considered within normal limits up to age 8
35
what speech sound disorder is particularly common
lisping (misarticulating sibilants) may be associated with an abnormal tongue-thrust swallowing pattern
36
how does treatment impact speech sound disorder
most respond well to treatment, and speech difficulties improve over time and thus the disorder may not be lifelong
37
what is a poor prognostic factor in speech sound disorder
co occurring language disorder *may also be associated with learning disorders in this case
38
ddx of speech sound disorder
normal variations in speech hearing/sensory impairment structural deficits (i.e cleft palate) dysarthria (i.e in cerebral palsy, worster-drought syndrome) selective mutism
39
what is another name for child onset fluency disorder
stuttering
40
how many diagnostic criteria are there for child onset fluency disorder
4
41
what is criterion A for child onset fluency disorder
disturbances in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for the individuals age and language skills, persist over time, and are characterized by frequent and marked occurrences or one (or more) of the following: sound a syllable repetitions sound prolongations of consonants as well as vowels broken words (i.e pauses within a word) audible or silent blocking (filled or unfilled pauses in speech) circumlocutions (word substitutions to avoid problematic words) words produced with an excess of physical tension monosyllabic whole word repetitions (i.e I-I-I-I-I see him)
42
what is criterion B for child onset fluency disorder
the disturbance causes ANXIETY about speaking or LIMITATIONS in effective communication, social participation, or academic and occupational performance, individually or in any combination
43
what is criterion C for child onset fluency disorder
onset of symptoms in the early developmental period (later onset cases are diagnosed as adult onset fluency disorder)
44
what is criterion D for child onset fluency disorder
not attributable to speech-motor or sensory deficit, a dysfluency associated with neurological insult, or another medical conditions and is not better explained by another disorder
45
what is the essential feature of child onset fluency disorder
disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individuals age
46
how does the extent of the speech disturbance in child onset fluency disorder vary
extent of the disturbance varies from situation to situation and often is more severe when there is social pressure to communicate dysfluency often absent during oral reading, singing or talking to inanimate objects or pets
47
what is the relationship between child onset fluency disorder and language abilities
unclear--> kids with this disorder show a range of language abilities
48
what other signs or symptoms may accompany child onset fluency disorder
motor movements i.e eye blinks, tics, tremors or lips or face etc
49
by what age do most children show symptoms of child onset fluency disorder
occurs by age 6 for 80-90% of those affected age at onset from 2-7 years old
50
how does child onset fluency disorder usually start
onset can be insidious or more sudden, but typically they start gradually typically starts with repetition of initial consonants, first words of a phrase, or long words child may not be aware of dysfluencies
51
what % of kids recover from the dysfluencies that characterize child onset fluency disorder what is an indicator or likelihood of recovery
65-85% severity of the fluency disorder at age 8 predicts recovery or persistence into adolescence and beyond
52
is there a genetic risk for child onset fluency disorder
yes risk of stuttering among first degree relatives of those with child onset fluency disorder is more than 3x risk in the general population
53
what can exacerbate dysfluency
stress and anxiety
54
that is the ddx for child onset fluency disorder
sensory deficits normal speech dysfluencies medication side effects adult onset dysfluencies (if during or after adolescence) tourettes disorder
55
how many criteria are there for social communication disorder
4
56
what is criterion A for social communication disorder
persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication as manifested by ALL of the following: 1. deficits in using communication for social purposes, such as greeting and sharing information, in a manner that is appropriate for social context 2. impairment of the ability to change communication to match context or the needs of the listener such as speaking differently in a classroom than on a playground 3. difficulties following rules for conversation and storytelling, such as taking turns in conversation, rephrasing when misunderstood 4. difficulties understanding what is not explicitly stated, and nonliteral or ambiguous meanings of language
57
what is criterion B for social communication disorder
the deficits result in functional limitations in effective communication, social participation, social relationships, academic achievement, or occupational performance (individually or in combination)
58
what is criterion C for social communication disorder
onset of symptoms in early developmental period (but deficits may not become fully manifest until social communication demands exceed limited capacities)
59
what is criterion D for social communication disorder
not attributable to other med or neuro condition or to low abilities in the domains of word structure or grammar, and are not better explained by ASD, intellectual disability, global developmental delay or another mental disorder
60
what is the most common associated feature of social communication disorder
language impairment--characterized by history of delay in reaching language milestones, and historical, if not current, language structure problems individuals with social communication disorder may avoid social interactions
61
other than language impairment, what other disorders commonly co-occur with social communication disorder
ADHD behavioural problems specific learning disorders
62
what is the youngest age you could reasonably start to ID social communication disorder
age 4 or 5 younger than this, kids havent yet developed enough speech and language to be able to fully assess their social/pragmatic functioning milder forms of this disorder may not be apparent until early adolescence
63
what is the natural course of social communication disorder
variable some kids improve substantially over time and others continue to have difficulties persisting into adulthood even among those who improve, early deficits in pragmatics may cause lasting impairments in social relationships and behaviour, and also in acquisition of other skills like written expression
64
list risk factors for social communication disorder
family hx ASD, communication disorders or specific learning disorders
65
ddx for social communication disorder
ASD--this is the primary consideration for those presenting with social communication deficits ADHD social anxiety disorder intellectual disability and global developmental delay
66
how do you differentiate between social anxiety and social communication disorder
differ in the timing of onset of symptoms in social communication disorder, individual has NEVER has effective social communication in social anxiety, social communication skills developed appropriately but are not utilized because of anxiety/fear/distress about social situations
67
how do you differentiate between ASD and social communication disorder
in ASD, there is the presence of restricted/repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities--> this is absent in social communication disorder *note that those with ASD may only display this restricted/repetitive pattern in early developmental period so need to do careful history because may not have it at time of presentation
68
what is unspecified communication disorder
applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of communication disorder that cause clinically significant distress/impairment predominate but do not meet full criteria for communication disorder or for any of the disorders in the neurodevelopmental disorders class use when clinician chooses NOT to specify reason criteria are not met and includes situations in which you dont have enough info to make a diagnosis
69
treatment for social communication disorder (psychDB)
behavioural interventions/techniques speech therapy on social interactions educational accommodations
70
treatment for language disorder (psych DB)
Speech and language therapy = main treatment assistive technology may be helpful
71
treatment for speech sound disorder
speech therapy
72
treatment for child onset fluency disorder
speech therapy CBT--> used to identify thought processes that worsen stuttering and ID coping strategies related to stress from stuttering electronic delayed auditory feedback tools can also be used to help individuals slow down their speech

1. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions