Developmental Stages: Freud, Erickson, Mahler Flashcards
list Freud’s 5 psychosexual stages of development
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latent
- Genital
list Erickson’s 8 Psychosocial stages
- Trust vs Mistrust
- Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
- Initiative vs Guilt
- Industry vs Inferiority
- Identity vs. Role confusion
- Intimacy vs Isolation
- Generativity vs Stagnation
- Integrity vs Despair
list Piaget’s 4 Cognitive Stages
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete Operations
- Formal Operations
list Mahler’s 6 stages of separation-individuation
- Normal Autism
- Symbiosis
- Differentiation
- Practicing
- Rapprochement
- Object Constancy
list Bowlby’s 4 stages of attachment
- pre attachment
- attachment in the making
- clear cut attachment
- formation of reciprocal attachment
list Kohlber’s Moral stages
- Preconventional
- Conventional
- Post conventional
Mahler’s stages of separation-individuation describe the period of what age to what age
0-5 years
Bowlby’s attachment phases describe the period of what age to what age
0-2 years
Freuds psychosexual stages describe the period of what age to what age
0-young adult
Erikson’s psychosocial stages describe the period of what age to what age
0-above 65
Piaget’s cognitive stages describe the period of what age to what age
0-18 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
Oral
Freud
0-1 year
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
Preoperational
Piaget’s Cognitive Stages
2-7 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
Phallic
Freud
3-5 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
Erickson’s Psychosocial stages
18m-3 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
pre-attachment
Bowlby
0-1.5months
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
preconventional
Kohlber’s Moral
3-6 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
Anal
Freud
1-3 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
Industry vs. Inferiority
Erikson’s psychosocial stages
5-13 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
Trust vs. Mistrust
Eriksons psychosocial stages
0-18 months
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
sensorimotor
Piaget’s cognitive stages
0-2 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
Normal autism
Mahler
0-2 months
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
symbiosis
Mahler
2-5 months
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
concrete operations
Piaget’s cognitive stages
7-11 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
formal operations
Piaget’s cognitive stages
11-18 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
attachment in the making
Bowlby
1.5-8 months
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
differentiation
Mahler
5-10 months
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
initiative vs guilt
Erikson
3-5 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
identity vs role confusion
Erikson
13-18 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
latent
Freud
6-11/13 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
genital
Freud
puberty-young adult
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
conventional
Kohlberg
7-puberty
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
post conventional
Kohlberg
puberty to adult
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
practicing
Mahler
10-18 mo
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
rapprochement
Mahler
18-24 months
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
Intimacy vs isolation
Erikson
18-40 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
generativity vs stagnation
Erikson
40-65 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
formal operations
Piaget
11-18 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
object constancy
Mahler
2-5 years
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
clear cut attachment
Bowlby
8-18 months
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
formation of reciprocal attachment
Bowlby
18-24 months
state the age associated with the following developmental stage + the person behind the theory:
integrity vs despair
Erikson
above age 65
what possible psychopathology might arise during the ages of 0-18 months
autism
anaclitic depression
colic
disorders of attachment
feeding and sleeping problems
what is the existential question being asked during Eriksons trust vs mistrust stage
can i trust the world?
–> infant is uncertain about world in which they live and looks towards their primary caregiver for stability and consistency of care
–> if care received by infant is CONSISTENT, PREDICTABLE and RELIABLE they will develop a sense of trust which will carry them into other relationships and will be able to feel SECURE even when threatened
–> if needs not met, anxiety, mistrust, suspicion may develop
what is the existential question being asked during Erikson’s autonomy vs shame/doubt stage
is it okay to be me?
–> focused on developing personal sense of control over physical skills and sense of independence
–> if children at this stage are supported in increased independence, they become more confident and secure in their own ability to survive in the world
–> if criticized, overly controlled, not given opportunity to assert themselves, begin to feel inadequate in their ability to survive and may then become overly dependent on others, lack self esteem and feel sense of shame or doubt in their abilities
what is the existential question being asked during Erikson’s initiative vs guilt phase
it is okay for me to do, move and act?
–> children begin to plan activities, make up games, initiate activities with others
–> if given opportunity to do so, children develop a sense of initiative and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions
–> if tendency is squelched (via criticism or control) children often develop a sense of guilt–> child will often overstep the mark in their forcefulness and danger is that parents will tend to punish the child and restrict his initiatives too much
–> may feel “being a nuisance” asking questions
what is the existential question being asked during Erikson’s industry vs inferiority phase
can i make it in the world of people and things?
what is the existential question being asked during Erikson’s identity vs role confusion stage
who am i? who can i be?
–> two roles, the sexual and the occupational
–> if successful, achieve “fidelity” which allows person to be able to committ themselves to others on the basis of accepting others, even if there may be ideiological differences
what is the existential question being asked during Erikson’s intimacy vs isolation phase
can i love?
what is the existential question being asked during Erikson’s generativity vs stagnation phase
can i make my life count
what is the existential question being asked during Erikson’s ego integration vs despair phase
is it okay to have been me?
–> ego integrity is “the acceptance of one’s one and only life cycle as something that had to be” and “as a sense of coherence and wholeness”
what is possible psychopathology that may present between 18 mo - 3 years
separation issues
negativism
fearfulness
constipation
shyness
withdrawal
aggressiveness
what is possible psychopathology that may present between 3-6 years
enuresis
encoparesis
anxiety
aggressive acting out to phobias
what is possible psychopathology that may present between 6-12 years
school phobias
obsessive reactions
conversion reactions
depressive symptoms
anxiety
ADHD
parent-child relational conflicts
what is possible psychopathology that may present between 12-17 years
delinquency
promiscuity
schizophrenia
eating disorders
suicide
parent-child relational conflicts
Freud’s oral phase overlaps with what other developmental stages from other theories
Oral (Freud)–> 0-1 year
trust vs mistrust (Erikson)–> 0-18 months
sensorimotor (Piaget)–> 0-2 years
Normal autism (0-2 months) + symbiosis (2-5 months) + differentiation (5-10 months) + practicing (10-18 months) –> Mahler
preattachment + attachment in the making + clear cut attachment (Bowlby)–> up to 18 mo
what was Erikson’s theory of personality development?
believed personality develops in a predetermined order through 8 stages of psychosocial development
during each stage, person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development –> are “psychosocial” in nature because needs of the individual (psycho) conflict with the needs of society (social)
successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality + acquisition of basic virtues (basic virtues = characteristic strength which the ego can use to resolve subsequent crises)
failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self –> but these stages can be resolved successfully at a later time
what “basic virtue” is associated with the following Eriksonian stage of development:
trust vs mistrust
hope
what “basic virtue” is associated with the following Eriksonian stage of development:
autonomy vs shame
will
what “basic virtue” is associated with the following Eriksonian stage of development:
initiative vs guilt
purpose
what “basic virtue” is associated with the following Eriksonian stage of development:
industry vs inferiority
competency
what “basic virtue” is associated with the following Eriksonian stage of development:
identity vs role confusion
fidelity
what “basic virtue” is associated with the following Eriksonian stage of development:
intimacy vs isolation
love
what “basic virtue” is associated with the following Eriksonian stage of development:
generativity vs stagnation
care
what “basic virtue” is associated with the following Eriksonian stage of development:
ego integrity vs despair
wisdom
what is the underlying theori behind Freuds developmental stages
each stage represents the fixation of libido (sexual drives or instincts) on a different area of the body
freud believed all life was built around tension and pleasure
believed all tension was due to build-up of libido and that all pleasure came from its discharge
stages describe that what develops is the way the sexual energy of the id accumulates and is discharged as we mature biologically
the id must be controlled to satisfy social demands–> sets up conflict between frustrated wishes and social norms
ego and superego develop to exercise this control and direct the need for gratification into socially acceptable channels
what stage in Freuds developmental stages is associated with the Oedipus complex
Phallic
