Other Definitions Part 2 Flashcards
dimensions of communicaiton
internal and external, formal and informal, vertical and horizontal, official and unofficial, written and oral, verbal and nonverbal
communication skills
listening actively and effectively, questioning and probing, educating team, fact finding, setting/managing expectations, persuading a person/team, motivating, coaching to improve performance, negotiating, resolving conflict, summarizing, recapping, and identifying the next steps
acknowledge
indicates receipt of a message but does not indicate that the receiver understood or agreed
active listening
receiver confirms listening by nodding, eye contact, and asking questions
decode
receiver translating a message into an idea or meaning
effective listening
receiver attentively watches the sender to observe physical gestures and facial expressions. receiver contemplates responses, asks questions, repeats/summarizes, provides feedback
encode
sender translating an idea or meaning into a language for sending
feedback
affirming understanding and providing info
noise
anything that compromises the original meaning of a message
nonverbal communication
55% of communication based on body language
paralingual communication
optional vocal effects or tone of voice that may help communicate meaning
transmit message
using a communication method to deliver a message
inputs of plan communication management
project management plan, stakeholder register, enterprise env factors, org process assets
tools and techniques of plan communication management
communication requirements analysis, communication technology, communication models, communication methods, meetings
outputs of plan communications management
communications management plan, project documents updates
primary role of project management
good communiction
communication requirements analysis
determines the information needs of the stakeholders.
communication channels
n(n-1)/2 - consider # of potential communications channels to plan the actual communications
sources of info to identify/define communication requirements
org charts, project org and stakeholder responsibility relationships, disciplines/departments/specialties involved, logistics of # and location of ppl, internal info needs, external info needs, stakeholder info from stakeholder register
communication technology
methods to transfer info can vary greatly - choose based on uniqueness of project
factors when determining communication technology
urgency, availability, ease of use, project environment, sensitivity and confidentiality of info
urgency
determines frequency and format of info being communicated
availability of technology
technology must be compatable, available, accessable to all stakeholders
ease of use
must be suitable to project participants, training/special needs must be accommodated
project environemnt
issues of colocation, multiple locations, time zones, language must be considered
sensitivity and confidentiality of info
issues of transmission and storage security as well as backup and recovery must be dealt w
steps of a basic communication model
sender encodes a message, chooses medium, message passes thru medium and encounters noise that interferes transmission and meaning, receiver decodes message, receiver acknowledges receipt, receiver sends a feedback to the sender
interactive communication methods
include meetings, phone calls, video conferencing
formal verbal communication
presentations, speeches - used when persuading ppl to accept ideas and products
informal verbal communication
meetings, conversations, humor, inquiries, team building, day-to-day communications
push communication methods
include letters, memos, reports, emails, faxes etc sent to stakeholders
formal written communication
should be used for key documents - project plans, project charter, communicating over long distances, complex problems, legal documents, long/technical situations
informal written communication
should be used for status updates, info updates, day-to-day communicaitons
pull communication methods
communicaitng thru internet sites and knowledge repositories - more likely to use formal written methods
situations best dealt w in meetings
resolving problems, making decisions, communicating decisions, building relationships
communications management plan
describes how project communications will be planned, structured, monitored and controlled
manage communications process
executing process - delivering on the communications management plan
inputs of manage communications process
communications management plan, work performance reports, enterprise env factors, org process assets
tools and techniques of manage communications process
communication technology, communication models, communication methods, info management systems, performance reporting
outputs of manage communications process
project communications, project management plan updates, project documents updates, org process assets updates
techniques for effective communications management
sender-receiver models, choice of media, writing style, meeting management techniques, presentation techniques, facilitation techniques, listening techniques
enterprise env factors that can affect manage communications
org culture/structure, govt/industry standards, PMIS
org process assets that can affect manage communications
policies, procedures, processes regarding comm management, templates, historical info, lessons learned
types of info management systems
hard copy document management, electronic communications management, electronic project management tools
performance reporting
collecting/distributing performance info - status reports, progress measurements, forecasts
examples of performance reports
anlaysis of past performance, analysis of project forecasts, current status of risks and issues, work completed during period, work to be completed in next period, summary of changes approved in period
org process assets updates from manage communications process
stakeholder notifications, project reports, project presentations, project records, feedback from stakeholders, lessons learned documentation
control communications process
monitoring and controlling communications thru entire project life cycle to ensure info needs of project stakeholders are met
inputs of control communications
project management plan, project communications, issue log, work performance data, org process assets
tools and techniques of control communications
information management systems, expert judgment, meetings
outputs of control communications
work performance information, change requests, project management plan updates, project documents updates, organizational process assets updates
org process assets that can influence control communications
report templates, policies/standards that define communications, specific communication technologies, allowed communication media, record retention policies, security requirements
information management systems
provides a set of standard tools for the project manager to capture, store and distribute info to stakeholders about project cost, schedule progress, and performance
contingency plan
a response to a risk event that will be implemented only if the risk event occurs
decision theory
a technique for assisting in reaching decisions under uncertainty and risk - points to the best possible course
fallback plan
a response plan that will be implemented if the primary response plan is ineffective
issue
a risk event that has occurred
opportunities
risk events or conditions that are favorable to a project
residual risk
the risk that cannot be eliminated in implementing a risk response plan
risk appetite
degree of uncertainty an entity is willing to take on in anticipation of a reward
risk threshold
measures, along the level of uncertainty or level of impact, at which a stakeholder may have a specific interested. risk tolerated under this, not tolerated above this
measures, along the level of uncertainty or level of impact, at which a stakeholder may have a specific interested. risk tolerated under this, not tolerated above this
risk tolerance
risk tolerance
degree, amount, or volume of risk that an org or individual will withstand
secondary risk
new risk that is introduced as a result of the risk response
threat
a risk event or condition that is unfavorable to the project
workarounds
unplanned responses to risks that were previously unidentified or accepted
plan risk management
process of defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project
inputs of plan risk management
project management plan, project charter, stakeholder register, enterprise env factors, org process assets
tools and techniques of plan risk amangement
analytical techniques, expert judgment, meetings
outputs of plan risk management
risk management plan
org process assets that can influence plan risk management
risk categories, common definitions of concepts, risk statement formats, standard templates, roles and responsibilities, authority levels for decision making, lessons learned
analytical techniques in plan risk management
stakeholder risk profile analyses, strategic risk scoring sheets
risk breakdown structure
provide project team w a structured approach to reviewing typical risks by category and subcategory
stakeholder tolerances
risk averse, risk neutral, or risk seeker
components of risk management plan
methodology, roles and responsibilities, budgeting, timing, risk categories, definitions of risk probability and impact, probability and impact matrix, revised stakeholders tolerances, reporting formats, tracking
identify risks process
collecting info from various stakeholders regarding potential risks that can occur
inputs of identify risks
risk management plan, cost management plan, schedule management plan, quality management plan, hr management plan, scope baseline, activity cost estimates, activity duration estimates, stakeholder register, proejct documents, procurement documents, enterprise env factors, org process assets
tools and techniques of identify risks
documentation reviews, info gathering techniques, checklist analysis, assumptions analysis, diagramming techniques, SWOT analysis, expert judgment
outputs of identify risks
risk register
proejct documents that can help identify risks
project charter, project schedule, schedule network diagrams, issue log, quality checklist
enterprise env factors that can influence identify risks
published info, academic studies, published checklists, benchmarking, industry studies, risk attitudes
org process assets that can influence identify risks
project files, org and project process controls, risk statement formats or templates, lessons learned
information gathering techniques
brainstorming, delphi technique, interviewing, root cause analysis
delphi technique
form of expert judgment - facilitator solicits ideas on project risk from individuals who are considered experts - results are continuously refined for further comment, outcome is a consensus on key project risks
benefits of delphi technique
reduce bias, keep any 1 person from having too much influence
root cause analysis
identify a problem, discover underlying causes that lead to it, develop preventive action
checklist analysis
developed based on historical info from previous similar projects - may use lowest level of the RBS
assumptions analysis
explores validity of assumptions - identifies risks from inaccuracy, inconsistency, instability of assumptions
risk diagramming techniques
cause and effect diagrams, system or process flow charts, influence diagrams
influence diagrams
show causal influences, time ordering of events
SWOT analysis
focuses on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for a project to prompt discussion on risks
risk register
list of identified risks, list of potential responses. considers risk events, risk categories, risk owners, risk triggers, risk responses, risk appetites
perform qualitative risk analysis
takes all info from identify risks process and prioritizes risks based on probability and impact of each occurring
inputs of perform qualitative risk analysis
risk management plan, scope baseline, risk register, enterprise env factors, org process assets
tools and techniques of perform qualitative risk analysis
risk probability and impact assessment, probability and impact matrix, risk data quality assessment, risk categorization, risk urgency assessment, expert judgment
outputs of perform qualitative risk analysis
project documents updates
enterprise env factors that can influence perform qualitative risk analysis
industry studies of similar projects by risk specialists, risk databases
probability and impact matrix
rate each risk on probability and impact. risk score is P*I. higher score - higher priority of the risk
risk data quality assessment
evaluate degree to which the risk data is useful for risk management - examines accuracy, quality, reliability, integrity of the risk data
risk categorization
risks can be categorized into sources of risks, area of the project, common root causes.
risk urgency assessment
risks requiring near term responses may be more urgent. indicators - probability of detecting a risk, time to affect a risk response, symptoms and warning signs, risk rating
project documents updates of qualitative risk analysis
risk register updates, assumptions log updates
perform quantitative risk analysis
numerically analyzing effect of identified risks on overall project objectives
inputs of perform quantitative risk analysis
risk management plan, cost management plan, schdule management plan, risk register, enterprise env factors, org process assets
tools and techniques of perform quantitative risk analysis
data gathering and representation techniques, quanitative risk analysis and modeling techniques, expert judgment
outputs of perform quantitative risk analysis
project documents updates
data gathering and representation techniques
interviewing, probability distributions
sensitivity analysis
helps determine risk w the highest potential impact on a project - may use tornado diagram