Chapters 4 and 5 Concepts Flashcards
Project Integration Management
includes the processes and activities to identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate the various processes and project management activities within the Project Management Process Groups
Project Integration Management includes making choices about:1
- resource allocation
Project Integration Management includes making choices about: 2
- balancing competing demands
Project Integration Management includes making choices about: 3
- examining any alternative approaches
Project Integration Management includes making choices about: 4
- tailoring the processes to meet the project objectives
Project Integration Management includes making choices about: 5
- managing the interdependencies among the Project Management Knowledge Areas
Project Integration Mangement Processes (7) 1
1) Develop Project Charter
Project Integration Mangement Processes (7) 2
2) Develop Project Management Plan
Project Integration Mangement Processes (7) 3
3) Direct and Manage Project Work
Project Integration Mangement Processes (7) 4
4) Manage Project Knowledge
Project Integration Mangement Processes (7) 5
5) Monitor and Control Project Work
Project Integration Mangement Processes (7) 6
6) Perform Integrated Change Control
Project Integration Mangement Processes (7) 7
7) Close project or phase
The accountability of Project Integration Management cannot….1
be delegated or transferred
The accountability of Project Integration Management cannot….2
- a knowledge area that CAN NOT be managed by other specialists
Trends and emerging practices in project integration management (5) 1
- use of automated tools
Trends and emerging practices in project integration management (5) 2
- use of visual management tools
Trends and emerging practices in project integration management (5) 3
- project knowledge management
Trends and emerging practices in project integration management (5) 4
- expanding the PM’s responsibilities
Trends and emerging practices in project integration management (5) 5
- hybrid methodologies
Develop Project Charter Process
developing a document that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the PM with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities
Develop Project Charter Process key Benefit
- key benefit is it provides a direct link between the project and the strategic objectives or the organization, creates a formal record of the project, and shows the organizational commitment to the project
Develop Project Charter - Inputs (4) 1
- business documents
Develop Project Charter - Inputs (4) 2
- agreements
Develop Project Charter - Inputs (4) 3
- EEFs
Develop Project Charter - Inputs (4) 4
- OPAs
Develop Project Charter - Tools and Techniques (4) 1
- expert judgment
Develop Project Charter - Tools and Techniques (4) 2
- data gathering
Develop Project Charter - Tools and Techniques (4) 3
- interpersonal and team skills
Develop Project Charter - Tools and Techniques (4) 4
- meetings
Develop Project Charter - Otuputs (2) 1
- project charter
Develop Project Charter - Otuputs (2) 2
- assumption log
the project charter…
establishes a partnership between the performing and requesting organizations
The approved project charter…
formally initiates the project
The project charter provides the PM with…
the authority to plan, execute, and control the project
Business case (2) 1
describes the necessary information from a business standpoint to determine wheat the expected outcomes of the project justify the required investment
Business case (2) 2
- most commonly used to create the project charter
Agreements (2) 1
used to define initial intentions for a project
Agreements (2) 2
- take place in the form of contracts, memorandums of understanding (MOUs), service level agreements (SLAs), letters of agreement, letters of intent, verbal agreements, email, or other written agreements
A contract is typically used when…
a project is being performed for an external customer
Expert judgement
judgement provided based on expertise in an application area, knowledge are, discipline, industry, etc., as appropriate for the activity being performed
brainstorming
used to identify a list of ideas in a short period of time; conducted in a group environment and led by a facilitator
Consists of 2 parts (2) 1
idea generation
Consists of 2 parts (2) 2
analysis
Focus groups
bring together stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about the perceived project risk, success criteria, and other topics in a more controversial way than a one-on-one interview
Interviews
used to obtain information on high-level requirements, assumptions or constraints, approval criteria, and other information from stakeholders by talking directly to them
Facilitation
the ability to effectively guide a group event to a successful decision, solution, or conclusion
At a high level…
the project charter ensures a common understanding by the stakeholders of the key deliverables, milestones, and the roles and responsibilities of everyone involved in the project
Develop Project Management Plan Process
defining, preparing, and coordinating all plan components and consolidating them into an integrated project management plan
Develop Project Management Plan Process key benefit
- key benefit is the production of a comprehensive document that defines the basis of all project work and how the work will be performed
Develop Project Management Plan - Inputs (4) 1
- project charter
Develop Project Management Plan - Inputs (4) 2
- outputs from other processes
Develop Project Management Plan - Inputs (4) 3
- EEFs
Develop Project Management Plan - Inputs (4) 4
- OPAs
Develop Project Management Plan - Tools and Techniques (4) 1
- expert judgement
Develop Project Management Plan - Tools and Techniques (4) 2
- data gathering (brainstorming, checklists, focus groups, interviews)
Develop Project Management Plan - Tools and Techniques (4) 3
- interpersonal and team skills (conflict management, facilitation, meeting management)
Develop Project Management Plan - Tools and Techniques (4) 4
- meetings
Develop Project Management Plan - Outputs (1)
- project management plan
The project management plan defines…
how the project is executed, monitored, controlled, and closed
Once the Project Management Plan is baselined, it may only be changed through…
the Perform Integrated Change Control process
The project kick-off getting is usually associated with…
the end of planning and the start of executing
Project Management Plan (definition)
document that describes how the project will be executed, monitored, controlled, and closed. It integrates and consolidates all of the subsidiary management plans and baselines, and other information necessary to manage the project
Subsidiary management plans included in Project Management Plan (10) 1
- scope management plan
Subsidiary management plans included in Project Management Plan (10) 2
- requirements management plan
Subsidiary management plans included in Project Management Plan (10) 3
- schedule management plan
Subsidiary management plans included in Project Management Plan (10) 4
- cost management plan
Subsidiary management plans included in Project Management Plan (10) 5
- quality management plan
Subsidiary management plans included in Project Management Plan (10) 6
- resource management plan
Subsidiary management plans included in Project Management Plan (10) 7
- communications management plan
Subsidiary management plans included in Project Management Plan (10) 8
- risk management plan
Subsidiary management plans included in Project Management Plan (10) 9
- procurement management plan
Subsidiary management plans included in Project Management Plan (10)10
- stakeholder engagement plan
Baselines included in Project Management Plan (3) 1
- scope baseline
Baselines included in Project Management Plan (3) 2
- schedule baseline
Baselines included in Project Management Plan (3) 3
- cost baseline
Additional components of Project Management Plan (6) 1
- change management plan
Additional components of Project Management Plan (6) 2
- configuration management plan
Additional components of Project Management Plan (6) 3
- performance measurement baseline
Additional components of Project Management Plan (6) 4
- project life cycle
Additional components of Project Management Plan (6) 5
- development approach
Additional components of Project Management Plan (6) 6
- management reviews
Direct and Manage Project Work Process
leading and performing the work defined in the Project Management Plan and implementing approved changes to achieve the project’s objectives
Direct and Manage Project Work Process Key Benefit
- key benefit is that it provides overall management of the project work and deliverables, thus improving the probability of project success
Direct and Manage Project Work - Inputs (5) 1
- Project Management Plan (any component)
Direct and Manage Project Work - Inputs (5) 2
- project documents (change log, lessons learned register, milestone list, project communications, project schedule, requirements traceability matrix, risk register, risk report)
Direct and Manage Project Work - Inputs (5) 3
- approved change requests
Direct and Manage Project Work - Inputs (5) 4
- EEFs
Direct and Manage Project Work - Inputs (5) 5
- OPAs
Direct and Manage Project Work - Tools and Techniques (3) 1
- expert judgement
Direct and Manage Project Work - Tools and Techniques (3) 2
- project management information system
Direct and Manage Project Work - Tools and Techniques (3) 3
- meetings
Direct and Manage Project Work - Outputs (5) 1
- deliverables
Direct and Manage Project Work - Outputs (5) 2
- work performance data
Direct and Manage Project Work - Outputs (5) 3
- issue log
Direct and Manage Project Work - Outputs (5) 4
- change requests
Direct and Manage Project Work - Outputs (5) 5
- Project Management Plan updates (any component)
- Project Management Plan updates (any component)
- project documents updates (activity list, assumption log, lessons learned register, requirements documentation, risk register, stakeholder register)
Direct and Manage Project Work involves…
executing the planned project activities to complete project deliverables and accomplish established objectives
Risk Register vs Risk Report (2) 1
- risk register provides information on threats and opportunities that may impact project execution
Risk Register vs Risk Report (2) 2
- risk report provides information on sources of overall project risk along with summary information on identified individual project risks
An approved change request can be…
a corrective action, an preventative action, or a defect repair
Deliverable (definition)
any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to performa. service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase, or project
Work performance data (definition)
the raw observations and measurements identified during activities being performed to carry out the project
Change requests may include:
corrective action, preventative action, defect repair, updates
Manage Project Knowledge Process
using existing knowledge and creating new knowledge to achieve the project’s objectives and contribute to organizational learning
Manage Project Knowledge Process- Key Benefit
- key benefits are that prior organizational knowledge is leveraged to produce or improve the project outcomes, and knowledge created by the project is available to support organizational operations and future projects or phases
Manage Project Knowledge - Inputs (5) 1
- Project Management Plan (all components)
Manage Project Knowledge - Inputs (5) 2
- project documents (lessons learned register, project team assignments, resource breakdown structure, stakeholder register)
Manage Project Knowledge - Inputs (5) 3
- deliverables
Manage Project Knowledge - Inputs (5) 4
- EEFs
Manage Project Knowledge - Inputs (5) 5
- OPAs
Manage Project Knowledge - Tools and Techniques (4) 1
- expert judgement
Manage Project Knowledge - Tools and Techniques (4) 2
- knowledge management
Manage Project Knowledge - Tools and Techniques (4) 3
- information management
Manage Project Knowledge - Tools and Techniques (4) 4
- interpersonal and team skills (active listening, facilitation, leadership, networking, political awareness)
Manage Project Knowledge - Outputs (3) 1
- lessons learned register
Manage Project Knowledge - Outputs (3) 2
- Project Management Plan updates (any component)
Manage Project Knowledge - Outputs (3) 3
- OPA updates
Explicit knowledge
knowledge that can be readily codified using words, pictures, and numbers
Tacit knowledge
knowledge that is personal and difficult to express, such as beliefs, insights, experiences, and “know-how”
Knowledge management is about…
making sure the skills, experience, and expertise of the project team and other stakeholders are used before, during, and after the project
The most important part of knowledge management is…
creating an atmosphere of trust so that people are motivated to share their knowledge
In practice, knowledge is shared using…
a mixture of knowledge management tools and techniques (interactions between people) and information management tools and techniques (in which people codify part of their explicit knowledge by documenting it so it can be shared)
Formal, rigid communication requirements are good for…
sharing information
Informal communication is more effective for…
creating new knowledge and integrating knowledge across diverse stakeholder groups
Knowledge management tools and techniques connect people so that they…
can work together to create new knowledge, share tacit knowledge, and integrate the knowledge of diverse team members
Information management tools and techniques are used to…
create and connect people to information
The lessons learned register is…
created as an output of this process early in the project
Monitor and Control Project Work Process
tracking, reviewing, and reporting the overall progress to meet the performance objectives defined in the Project Management Plan
Moniteor and Control Work Process Benefits
- key benefits are that it allows stakeholders to understand the current state of the project, to recognize the actions taken to address any performance issues, and to have visibility into the future project status with cost and schedule forecasts
Monitor and Control Project Work - Inputs (6) 1
- Project Management Plan (any component)
Monitor and Control Project Work - Inputs (6) 2
- Project documents (assumption log, basis of estimates, cost forecasts, issue log, lessons learned register, milestone list, quality reports, risk register, risk report, schedule forecasts)
Monitor and Control Project Work - Inputs (6) 3
- work performance information
Monitor and Control Project Work - Inputs (6) 4
- agreements
Monitor and Control Project Work - Inputs (6) 5
- EEFs
Monitor and Control Project Work - Inputs (6) 6
- OPAs
Monitor and Control Project Work - Tools and Techniques (4) 1
- expert judgement
Monitor and Control Project Work - Tools and Techniques (4) 2
- data analysis (alternatives analysis, cost-benefit analysis, earned value analysis, root cause analysis, trend analysis)
Monitor and Control Project Work - Tools and Techniques (4) 3
- decision making (voting)
Monitor and Control Project Work - Tools and Techniques (4) 4
- meetings
Monitor and Control Project Work - Outputs (4) 1
- work performance reports
Monitor and Control Project Work - Outputs (4) 2
- change requests
Monitor and Control Project Work - Outputs (4) 3
- project management plan updates (any component)
Monitor and Control Project Work - Outputs (4) 4
- project documents updates (cost forecasts, issue log, lessons learned register, risks register, schedule forecasts)
Monitoring includes…
Collecting, measuring, and assessing measurements and trends to effect process improvements
Control includes…
determining corrective or preventative actions or replanning and following up on action plans to determine whether the actions taken resolved the performance issue
To become work performance information…
the work performance data is compared with the project management plan components, project documents, and other project variables
Alternatives analysis
used to select the corrective actions or a combination of corrective and preventative actions when a deviation occurs
Trend analysis
used to forecast future performance based on past results
Trend Analysis 2
- looks ahead in the project for expected slippages and warns the PM ahead of time that there may be problems later in the schedule if the established trend persists
Variance analysis
reviews the differences (or variance) between planned and actual performance
Work performance reports
The physical or electronic representation of work performance information compiled in project documents, intended to generate decisions, actions, or awareness
Perform Integrated Change Control Process (3) 1
reviewing all change requests; approving changes and managing changes to deliverables, project documents, and the project management plan; and communicating the decisions
Perform Integrated Change Control Process (3) 2
- reviews all requests for changes to project documents, deliverables, or the project management plan and determines the resolution of the change requests
Perform Integrated Change Control Process (3) 3
- key benefit is that it allows or documented changes within the project to be considered in an integrated manner while addressing overall project risk, which often arises from changes made without consideration of the overall project objective or plans
Perform Integrated Change Control - Inputs (6) 1
-Project Management Plan (change management plan, configuration management plan, scope baseline, schedule baseline, cost baseline)
Perform Integrated Change Control - Inputs (6) 2
- project documents (basis of estimates, change log, requirements traceability matrix, risk report)
Perform Integrated Change Control - Inputs (6) 3
- work performance reports
Perform Integrated Change Control - Inputs (6) 4
- change requests
Perform Integrated Change Control - Inputs (6) 5
- EEFs
Perform Integrated Change Control - Inputs (6) 6
- OPAs
Perform Integrated Change Control - Tools and Techniques (5) 1
- expert judgement
Perform Integrated Change Control - Tools and Techniques (5) 2
- change control tools
Perform Integrated Change Control - Tools and Techniques (5) 3
- data analysis (alternatives analysis, cost-benefit analysis)
Perform Integrated Change Control - Tools and Techniques (5) 4
- decision making (voting, autocratic decision making, multi-criteria decision analysis)
Perform Integrated Change Control - Tools and Techniques (5) 5
- meetings
Perform Integrated Change Control - Outputs (3) 1
- approved change requests
Perform Integrated Change Control - Outputs (3) 2
- project management plan updates (any component)
Perform Integrated Change Control - Outputs (3) 3
- project documents updates (change log)
Changes may be requested by…
any stakeholder involved with the project and may occur at any time throughout the project life cycle
Although changes may be initiated verbally…
they should be recorded in written form and entered into the change management and/or configuration management system
configuration management plan
Describes the configurable items of the project and identifies the items that will be recorded and updated so that the product of the project remains consistent and operable
Configuration control is focused on…while change control is focused on…
the specification of both the deliverables and the processes,
autocratic decision making
one individual takes responsibility for making the decision for the group
Close Project or Phase Process
finalizing all activities for the project, phase, or contract
Close Project or Phase Process Key Benefit
- key benefits re the project or phase information is archived, the planned work is completed, and organizational team resources are released to pursue new endeavors
Close Project or Phase - Inputs (8) 1
- Project charter
Close Project or Phase - Inputs (8) 2
- project management plan
Close Project or Phase - Inputs (8) 3
- project documents
Close Project or Phase - Inputs (8) 4
- accepted deliverables
Close Project or Phase - Inputs (8) 5
- business documents
Close Project or Phase - Inputs (8) 6
- agreements
Close Project or Phase - Inputs (8) 7
- procurement documentation
Close Project or Phase - Inputs (8) 8
- OPAs
Close Project or Phase - Tools and Techniques (3) 1
- expert judgement
Close Project or Phase - Tools and Techniques (3) 2
- data analysis
Close Project or Phase - Tools and Techniques (3) 3
- meetings
Close Project or Phase - Outputs (4) 1
- project documents updates
Close Project or Phase - Outputs (4) 2
- final product, service, or result transition
Close Project or Phase - Outputs (4) 3
- final report
Close Project or Phase - Outputs (4) 4
- OPA updates
Benefits management plan
outlines the target benefits of the project
Final report (definition)
provides a summary of the project performance
Chp 4: Project Integration Management processes (7) 1
- Develop Project Charter
Chp 4: Project Integration Management processes (7) 2
- Develop Project Management Plan
Chp 4: Project Integration Management processes (7) 3
- Direct and Manage Project Work
Chp 4: Project Integration Management processes (7) 4
- Manage project knowledge
Chp 4: Project Integration Management processes (7) 5
- monitor and control project work
Chp 4: Project Integration Management processes (7) 6
- perform integrated change control
Chp 4: Project Integration Management processes (7) 7
- close project or phase
4.1: develop project charter - inputs (4) 1
- business case
4.1: develop project charter - inputs (4) 2
- agreements
4.1: develop project charter - inputs (4) 3
- EEFs
4.1: develop project charter - inputs (4) 4
- OPAs
4.1: develop project charter - tools and techniques (10) 1
- data gathering
4.1: develop project charter - tools and techniques (10) 2
- expert judgment
4.1: develop project charter - tools and techniques (10) 3
- brainstorming
4.1: develop project charter - tools and techniques (10) 4
- focus groups
4.1: develop project charter - tools and techniques (10) 5
- interviews
4.1: develop project charter - tools and techniques (10) 6
- interpersonal and team skills
4.1: develop project charter - tools and techniques (10) 7
- conflict mgt
4.1: develop project charter - tools and techniques (10) 8
- facilitation
4.1: develop project charter - tools and techniques (10) 9
- meetings mgt
4.1: develop project charter - tools and techniques (10) 10
- meetings
4.1: develop project charter - outputs (2) 1
- project charter
4.1: develop project charter - outputs (2) 2
- assumption log
4.2: develop project management plan - inputs (4) 1
- project charter
4.2: develop project management plan - inputs (4) 2
- outputs from other processes
4.2: develop project management plan - inputs (4) 3
- EEFs
4.2: develop project management plan - inputs (4) 4
- OPAs
4.2: develop project management plan - tools and techniques (11) 1
- expert judgement
4.2: develop project management plan - tools and techniques (11) 2
- data gathering
4.2: develop project management plan - tools and techniques (11) 3
- brainstorming
4.2: develop project management plan - tools and techniques (11) 4
- checklists
4.2: develop project management plan - tools and techniques (11) 5
- focus groups
4.2: develop project management plan - tools and techniques (11) 6
- interviews
4.2: develop project management plan - tools and techniques (11) 7
- interpersonal and team skills
4.2: develop project management plan - tools and techniques (11) 8
- conflict management
4.2: develop project management plan - tools and techniques (11) 9
- facilitation
4.2: develop project management plan - tools and techniques (11) 10
-meeting management
4.2: develop project management plan - tools and techniques (11) 11
- meetings
4.2: develop project management plan - outputs (1)
- project management plan
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 1
- project management plan (any component)
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 2
- project documents
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 3
- change log
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 4
- lessons learned register
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 5
- milestone list
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 6
- project communications
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 7
- project schedule
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 8
- requirements traceability matrix
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 9
- risk register
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 10
- risk report
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 11
- approved change requests
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 12
- EEFs
4.3: direct and manage project work - inputs (13) 13
- OPAs
4.3: direct and manage project work - tools and techniques (3) 1
- expert judgement
4.3: direct and manage project work - tools and techniques (3) 2
- project management information system
4.3: direct and manage project work - tools and techniques (3) 3
- meetings
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 1
- deliverables
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 2
- work performance data
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 3
- issue log
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 4
- change requests
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 5
- project management updates (any component)
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 6
- project documents updates
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 7
- activity list
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 8
- assumption log
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 9
- lessons learned register
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 10
- requirements documentation
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 11
- risk register
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 12
- stakeholder register
4.3: direct and manage project work - outputs (13) 13
- OPA updates
4.4: manage project knowledge - inputs (9) 1
- project management plan (all components)
4.4: manage project knowledge - inputs (9) 2
- project documents
4.4: manage project knowledge - inputs (9) 3
- lessons learned register
4.4: manage project knowledge - inputs (9) 4
- project team assignments
4.4: manage project knowledge - inputs (9) 5
- resource breakdown structure
4.4: manage project knowledge - inputs (9) 6
- stakeholder register
4.4: manage project knowledge - inputs (9) 7
- deliverables
4.4: manage project knowledge - inputs (9) 8
- EEFs
4.4: manage project knowledge - inputs (9) 9
- OPAs
4.4: manage project knowledge - tools and techniques (9) 1
- expert judgement
4.4: manage project knowledge - tools and techniques (9) 2
- knowledge management
4.4: manage project knowledge - tools and techniques (9) 3
- information management
4.4: manage project knowledge - tools and techniques (9) 4
- interpersonal and team skills
4.4: manage project knowledge - tools and techniques (9) 5
- active listening
4.4: manage project knowledge - tools and techniques (9) 6
- facilitation
4.4: manage project knowledge - tools and techniques (9) 8
- leadership
4.4: manage project knowledge - tools and techniques (9) 8
- networking
4.4: manage project knowledge - tools and techniques (9) 9
- political awareness
4.4: manage project knowledge - outputs (3) 1
- lessons learned register
4.4: manage project knowledge - outputs (3) 2
- project management plan updates (any component)
4.4: manage project knowledge - outputs (3) 3
- OPAs
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 1
- project management plan (any component)
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 2
- project documents
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 3
- assumption log
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 4
- basis of estimates
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 5
- cost forecasts
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 6
- issue log
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 7
- lessons learned register
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 8
- milestone list
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 9
- quality reports
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 10
- risk register
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 11
- risk report
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 12
- schedule forecasts
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 13
- work performance information
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 14
- agreements
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 15
- EEFs
4.5: monitor and control project work - inputs (16) 16
- OPAs
4.5: monitor and control project work - tools and techniques (11) 1
- expert judgement
4.5: monitor and control project work - tools and techniques (11) 2
- data analysis
4.5: monitor and control project work - tools and techniques (11) 3
- alternatives analysis
4.5: monitor and control project work - tools and techniques (11) 4
- cost-benefit analysis
4.5: monitor and control project work - tools and techniques (11) 5
- earned value analysis
4.5: monitor and control project work - tools and techniques (11) 6
- root cause analysis
4.5: monitor and control project work - tools and techniques (11) 7
- trend analysis
4.5: monitor and control project work - tools and techniques (11) 8
- variance analysis
4.5: monitor and control project work - tools and techniques (11) 9
- decision making
4.5: monitor and control project work - tools and techniques (11) 10
- voting
4.5: monitor and control project work - tools and techniques (11) 11
- meetings
4.5: monitor and control project work - outputs (9) 1
- work performance outputs
4.5: monitor and control project work - outputs (9) 2
- change requests
4.5: monitor and control project work - outputs (9) 3
- project management plan updates (any component)
4.5: monitor and control project work - outputs (9) 4
- project documents updates
4.5: monitor and control project work - outputs (9) 5
- cost forecasts
4.5: monitor and control project work - outputs (9) 6
- issue log
4.5: monitor and control project work - outputs (9) 7
- lessons learned register
4.5: monitor and control project work - outputs (9) 8
- risk register
4.5: monitor and control project work - outputs (9) 9
- schedule forecasts
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 1
- project management plan
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 2
- change management plan
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 3
- configuration management plan
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 4
- scope baseline
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 5
- schedule baseline
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 6
- cost baseline
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 7
- project documents
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 8
- basis of estimates
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 9
- change log
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 10
- requirements traceability matrix
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 11
- risk report
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 12
- work performance reports
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 13
- change requests
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 14
- EEFs
4.6: perform integrated change control - inputs (15) 15
- OPAs
4.6: perform integrated change control - tools and techniques (10) 1
- expert judgment
4.6: perform integrated change control - tools and techniques (10) 2
- change control tools
4.6: perform integrated change control - tools and techniques (10) 3
- data analysis
4.6: perform integrated change control - tools and techniques (10) 4
- alternatives analysis
4.6: perform integrated change control - tools and techniques (10) 5
- cost-benefit analysis
4.6: perform integrated change control - tools and techniques (10) 6
- decision making
4.6: perform integrated change control - tools and techniques (10) 7
- voting
4.6: perform integrated change control - tools and techniques (10) 8
- autocratic decision making
4.6: perform integrated change control - tools and techniques (10) 9
- multicriteria decision analysis
4.6: perform integrated change control - tools and techniques (10) 10
meetings
4.6: perform integrated change control - outputs (4) 1
- approved change requests
4.6: perform integrated change control - outputs (4) 2
- project management plan updates (any component)
4.6: perform integrated change control - outputs (4) 3
- project documents updates
4.6: perform integrated change control - outputs (4) 4
- change log
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 1
- project charter
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 2
- project management plan (all components)
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 3
- project documents
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 4
- assumption log
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 5
- basis of estimates
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 6
- change log
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 7
- issue log
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 8
- lessons learned register
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 9
- milestone list
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 10
- project communications
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 11
- quality control measurements
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 12
- quality reports
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 13
- requirements documentation
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 14
- risk register
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 15
- risk report
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 16
- accepted deliverables
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 17
- business documents
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 18
- business case
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 19
- benefits management plan
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 20
- agreements
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 21
- procurement documentation
4.7: close project or phase - inputs (22) 22
- OPAs
4.7: close project or phase - tools and techniques (7) 1
- expert analysis
4.7: close project or phase - tools and techniques (7) 2
- data analysis
4.7: close project or phase - tools and techniques (7) 3
- document analysis
4.7: close project or phase - tools and techniques (7) 4
- regression analysis
4.7: close project or phase - tools and techniques (7) 5
- trend analysis
4.7: close project or phase - tools and techniques (7) 6
- variance analysis
4.7: close project or phase - tools and techniques (7) 7
- meetings
4.7: close project or phase - outputs (6) 1
- project documents updates
4.7: close project or phase - outputs (6) 2
- lessons learned register
4.7: close project or phase - outputs (6) 3
- final product, service, or result transition
4.7: close project or phase - outputs (6) 4
- final report
4.7: close project or phase - outputs (6) 5
- OPA updates
4.7: close project or phase - outputs (6) 6
Project Scope Management
4.7: close project or phase - outputs (6) 1
includes the processes required to ensure the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully
Project Scope Management Processes (6) 1
- Plan Scope Management
Project Scope Management Processes (6) 2
- Collect Requirements
Project Scope Management Processes (6) 3
- Define Scope
Project Scope Management Processes (6) 4
- Create WBS
Project Scope Management Processes (6) 5
- Validate Scope
Project Scope Management Processes (6) 6
- Control Scope
Product scope
The features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result
Project scope
The work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and function
Predictive/waterfall life cycle
The project deliverables are defined at the beginning of the project and any changes to the scope are progressively managed
Adaptive/agile life cycle
Deliverables are developed over multiple iterations where a detailed scope is defined and approved for each iteration when it begins
For projects with adaptive life cycles…
three processes (collect requirements, define scope, and create WBS) are repeated for each iteration
In a predictive project…
these processes are performed toward the beginning of the project and updated as necessary, using the integrated change control process
The project manager is responsible for…
ensuring that requirements-related work is accounted for in the project management plan and that requirements-related activities are performed on time and within budget and deliver value
Agile methods deliberately spend less time trying to…
define and agree on scope in the early stage of the project and spend more time establishing the process for its ongoing discovery and refinement
In agile approaches, the requirements constitute…
the backlog
Plan Scope Management Process
creating a scope management plan that documents how the project and product scope will be defined, validated, and controlled
Plan Scope Management - Inputs (5) 1
- project charter
Plan Scope Management - Inputs (5) 2
- project management plan (quality management plan, project life cycle description, development approach)
Plan Scope Management - Inputs (5) 3
- EEFs
Plan Scope Management - Inputs (5) 4
- OPAs
Plan Scope Management - Inputs (5) 5
Plan Scope Management - Tools and Techniques (3)
Plan Scope Management - Tools and Techniques (3) 1
- expert judgement
Plan Scope Management - Tools and Techniques (3) 2
- data analysis (Alternatives analysis)
Plan Scope Management - Tools and Techniques (3) 3
- meetings
Plan Scope Management - Outputs (2) 1
- scope management plan
Plan Scope Management - Outputs (2) 2
- requirements management plan
Scope management plan
A component of the project or program management plan that describes how the scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled, and verified
Project life cycle description
determines the series of phases that a project passes through from its inception to the end of the project
Development approach
defines whether waterfall, iterative, adaptive, agile, or a hybrid development approach will be used
Scope management plan
a component of the project management plan that describes how the scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled, and validated
Requirements management plan
A component of the project management plan that describes how project and product requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed
Collect Requirements Process
The process of determining, documenting, and managing stakeholder needs and requirements to meet project objectives
- key benefit is that it provides the basis for defining the product scope and project scope
Collect Requirements - Inputs (7)
Collect Requirements - Inputs (7) 1
- project charter
Collect Requirements - Inputs (7) 2
- project management plan (scope management plan, requirements management plan, stakeholder engagement plan)
Collect Requirements - Inputs (7) 3
- project documents (Assumption log, lessons learned register, stakeholder register)
Collect Requirements - Inputs (7) 4
- business documents (business case)
Collect Requirements - Inputs (7) 5
- agreements
Collect Requirements - Inputs (7) 6
- EEFs
Collect Requirements - Inputs (7) 7
- OPAs
Collect Requirements - Tools and Techniques (8) 1
- expert judgement
Collect Requirements - Tools and Techniques (8) 2
- data gathering (brainstorming, interviews, focus groups, questionnaires and surveys, benchmarking)
Collect Requirements - Tools and Techniques (8) 3
- data analysis (document analysis)
Collect Requirements - Tools and Techniques (8) 4
- decision making (voting, autocratic decision making, multi-criteria decision analysis)
Collect Requirements - Tools and Techniques (8) 5
- data representation (Affinity diagrams, mind mapping)
Collect Requirements - Tools and Techniques (8) 6
- interpersonal and team skills (nominal group technique, observation/conversation, facilitation)
Collect Requirements - Tools and Techniques (8) 7
- context diagram
Collect Requirements - Tools and Techniques (8) 8
- prototypes
Collect Requirements - Outputs (2) 1
- Requirements documentation
Collect Requirements - Outputs (2) 2
- Requirements traceability matrix
The project’s success is directly influenced by…
active stakeholder involvement in the discovery and decomposition of needs into project and product requirements and by the care taken in determining, documenting, and managing the requirements of the product, service, or result of the project
Requirements become the foundation of…
the WBS
the WBS
Focus groups
Focus groups
Bring together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a proposed product, service, or result
Voting techniques
- unanimity
- unanimity
- majority
- majority
- plurality (The largest block in a group decides, even if a majority is not achieved. This method is generally used when the number of options nominated is more than 2)
Autocratic decision making
one individual takes responsibility for making the decision for the group
Affinity diagrams
allow large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis
Mind mapping
consolidates ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and to generate new ideas
Nominal group technique
Enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or for prioritization
- structured form of brainstorming
context diagram
context diagram
Visually depict the product scope by showing a business system (process, equipment, computer system, etc) and how people and other systems interact with it
Prototypes
A method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected product before actually building it
Storyboarding
a prototyping technique showing sequence or navigation through a series of images or illustrations
Requirements documentation
Describes how individual requirements meet the business need for the project
Requirements traceability matrix
A grid that links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables that satisfy them
Define Scope Process
process of developing a detailed description of the project and product
Define Scope - Inputs (5) 1
- project charter
Define Scope - Inputs (5) 2
- project management plan (scope management plan)
Define Scope - Inputs (5) 3
- project documents (assumption log, requirements documentation, risk register)
Define Scope - Inputs (5) 4
- EEFs
Define Scope - Inputs (5) 5
- OPAs
Define Scope - Tools and Techniques (5) 1
- Expert Judgement
Define Scope - Tools and Techniques (5) 2
- Data Analysis (Alternatives Analysis)
Define Scope - Tools and Techniques (5) 3
- Decision Making (Multicriteria Decision Analysis)
Define Scope - Tools and Techniques (5) 4
- Interpersonal & Team Skills (Facilitation)
Define Scope - Tools and Techniques (5) 5
- Product Analysis
Define Scope - Outputs (2) 1
- project scope statement
Define Scope - Outputs (2) 2
- project documents updates (Assumption log, requirements documentation, requirements traceability matrix, stakeholder register)
During project planning, the project scope is…
defined and described with greater specificity as more information about the project is known
Product analysis
can be used to define products and services; includes asking questions about a product or service and forming answers to describe the use, characteristics, and other relevant aspects of what is going to be delivered
Project scope statement
The description of the project scope, major deliverables, and exclusions; includes product scope description, deliverables, acceptance criteria, and project exclusions
Project Charter vs Project scope statement
the project charter contains high-level information, while the project scope statement contains a detailed description of scope components
Create WBS Process
The process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components
Create WBS - Inputs (4) 1
- project management plan (Scope management plan)
Create WBS - Inputs (4) 2
- project documents (project scope statement, requirements documentation)
Create WBS - Inputs (4) 3
- EEFs
Create WBS - Inputs (4) 4
- OPAs
Create WBS - Tools and Techniques (2) 1
- Expert Judgement
Create WBS - Tools and Techniques (2) 2
- Decomposition
Create WBS - Outputs (2) 1
- scope baseline
Create WBS - Outputs (2) 2
- project documents updates (assumption log, requirements documentation)
The WBS is a…
hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables
Work package
The lowest level in a WBS with a unique identifier; can be used to group the activity where work is scheduled and estimated, monitored, and controlled
Decomposition
A technique used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts
Rolling wave planning
waiting until the deliverable or the subcomponent is agreed on, so the details of the WBS can be developed
Scope baseline
The approved version of a scope statement, WBS, and its associated WBS dictionary, that can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison
planning package
A work breakdown structure component below the control account with known work content but without detailed schedule activities
WBS dictionary
A document that provides detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component in the WBS
Validate Scope Process
The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables
Validate Scope - Inputs (4) 1
- project management plan (Scope management plan, requirements management plan, scope baseline)
Validate Scope - Inputs (4) 2
- project documents (lessons learned register, quality reports, requirements documentation, requirements traceability matrix)
Validate Scope - Inputs (4) 3
- verified deliverables
Validate Scope - Inputs (4) 4
- work performance data
Validate Scope - Tools and Techniques (2) 1
- inspection
Validate Scope - Tools and Techniques (2) 2
- decision making (Voting)
Validate Scope - Outputs (4) 1
- accepted deliverables
Validate Scope - Outputs (4) 2
- work performance information
Validate Scope - Outputs (4) 3
- change requests
Validate Scope - Outputs (4) 4
- projects document updates (lessons learned register, requirements documentation, requirements traceability matrix)
Validate scope vs control quality processes
validate scope is primarily concerned with acceptance of the deliverables, while control quality is primarily concerned with correctness of the deliverables and meeting the quality requirements specified for the deliverables
Verified deliverables
project deliverables that are completed and checked for correctness through Control Quality Process
Deliverables that meet the acceptance criteria are…
formally signed off and approved by the customer or sponsor
Work performance information
includes information about project progress, such as why deliverables have been accepted and which have not been accepted and the reasons why
Control Scope Process
Monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline