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Neuroethology > Other Communication Methods for Courtship > Flashcards

Other Communication Methods for Courtship Flashcards

1
Q

Which animals can detect UV light

A

Bees
Butterflies
Fishes
Lizards
Songbirds

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2
Q

How to butterflies use UV light for courtship

A

Females prefer males with brighter UV reflecting patches

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3
Q

How is UV used in songbirds

A

Songbirds prefer males with UV reflecting feathers

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4
Q

What does courtship require

A

A nervous system that can recognize important stimuli

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5
Q

Which five modifications to the nervous system form the basis for selection

A

Visual
Auditory
Touch
Taste-smell
Motor patterns

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6
Q

How do signals arise

A

Co-option of an existing signal
Produce new signals for which perceptual ability already exists

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7
Q

What does co’option of existing signal do

A

Allows females to make choices between mates

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8
Q

What is it called when an animal produces new signal for which perceptual ability already exists

A

Sensory exploitation

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9
Q

How do water mites exhibit sensory exploitation

A

Male trembles, tricking female into thinking theres pray. She grabs male and releases him. He then deposits his sperm, she picks it up if receptive

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10
Q

Which water mites are more receptive to the sensory exploitation, and what does this indicate

A

Hungry females- male trembling takes advantage of hungry female’s perceptual abilities

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11
Q

How do male guppies attract females

A

Eat fruits so that they can obtain carotenoids that turn their scales orange

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12
Q

Why is turning the scales orange beneficial for guppies

A

The female lays eggs in nest, takes eggs into her mouth. Male swims by, flashes anal fin with orange spots, which the female tries to eat. Male deposits sperm, fertilizes eggs

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13
Q

What corresponds with female receptivity birds

A

Crest size

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14
Q

How was crest size’s impact on females studied?

A

Stuffed birds with various sized artificial crests were used. Large crests (even if abnormally large) had the strongest female responses

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15
Q

What is a theory for why animals are attracted to features that they have never seen

A

Novel stimuli plays a role in attraction

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16
Q

Why may artificial stimuli have strong reactions from females

A

Ancestors displayed these types of stimuli in a biologically relevent setting

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17
Q

How are ancestral attractions signals seen in lizards

A

They lost their abdominal blue patch, but females still respond appropriately to conspecifics with artificial blue patch painted on

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18
Q

What are the three aspects of evolution of sexual selection traits

A

Occur rapidly
Hard to study
Many interpretations

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19
Q

Why does evolution of sexual selection traits occur rapidly

A

Traits gained and lost, sometimes more than once

20
Q

What interpretations are there for evolution of sexual selection of traits

A

Nutrition, health of male, general preference for body size

21
Q

what are the four reasons why communication is adaptive

A

Attract males
Scare off intruders
Advertise fitness
Warn off predators

22
Q

What are honest signals/why are they adaptive

A

Signals that are adaptive bc they cant be mimicked

23
Q

What happens when an honest signal is mimicked

A

Receivers can learn to ignore the fake signal, reducing likelihood of it being produced

24
Q

What hypothesis is there regarding honest signals

A

Threat signals are honest and accurately reflect a male’s capacity, as weakened males shouldnt be able to produce as honest of a signal of aggression compared to their healthy state

25
Q

Which animals have honest signals corresponding to frequency, and what does this mean

A

Male croak, geckos, and owls. Lower frequency means larger size

26
Q

How does the correspondence of frequency and size give others important information

A

Informs the others if they would like to attack or not based on frequency of noises produced by the animal

27
Q

What are deceptive or illegitimate signalers

A

Species that learn to mimic another species as to exploit it

28
Q

What is an example of illegitimate signaling

A

Butterfly larvae secrete chemical cues identical to ants in order to get the ants to take care of them

29
Q

How to illegitimate signalers impact the receivers

A

They reduce the receiver’s fitness

30
Q

When can deceptive behavior pose a problem for the sender

A

When modern conditions are different, causing the behavior is no longer adaptive?

31
Q

Why does deception evolve

A

Deception does not cause complete loss of fitness for the receiver. If the receiver lost the ability to respond to the cue, it would result in zero fitness for the species, so it is beneficial for the receiver to continue responding

32
Q

What is an illegitimate receiver

A

An animal that uses signal information to the detriment of the signaler

33
Q

What is an example of illegitimate receiver

A

Crickets in Hawaii went from calling to silent after a deadly parasitic fly was produced. The parasitic fly was the illegitimate receiver

34
Q

Why may begging by baby chicks be maladaptive

A

Attracts preators, but parental warning calls can eliminate begging calls from chicks, reducing their risk

35
Q

what sound charasteristic is good for animals that may be at risk of predation

A

High frequencies- dont travel as far

36
Q

What are the two reasons why baby animals may beg

A

Sibling rivalry
Honest signal hypothesis

37
Q

Why may sibling rivalry cause animals to beg

A

Gain parents attention, get more food

38
Q

Why may honest signal hypothesis explain why animals beg

A

Begging cries provide accurate info about need

39
Q

What happened when food deprived baby robins were put in the nest with well fed siblings

A

More robust begging from the well-fed siblings

40
Q

Describe the begging calls of chicks with no siblings

A

When parents return with food, they produce a begging call that correlates with its condition (hungry = more calls)

41
Q

How do Blue Throat birds determine which baby to feed first

A

Feed the largest baby first depite equal begging from smaller chicks

42
Q

How do other species of birds determine which baby to feed first

A

Feed the loudest, most intense caller first

43
Q

Why is the first hatched the first to be fed

A

They are larger and stronger

44
Q

Describe Reed Warbler’s feeding of their young

A

Parents will feed birds that are not their own offspring. Cuckoos can mimic the call of the Warblers, and tend to get almost four times the amount of food in comparison to the Warbler’s actual offspring

45
Q

What type of cause is exploitation

A

Proximate cause

46
Q

What type of cause is the female preference of novel male attributes

A

Ultimate cause

Neuroethology (16 decks)

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