Otalgia Flashcards
what is the role of the stapedius
controls the movement of the stapes, stops it moving too much in loud sounds
what is the tensor tympani
muscle that controls the tension of the ear drum, stops it perforating
what is the epithympanic recess
hollow in roof of middle ear recess
what does the stapes attach to
oval window
what do the otolith organs sense
linear movement to do with gravity
saccule- vertical
urticle- horizontal
what is the nervus intermedius
branch of the facial nerve which contains somatic sensory, special sensory and visceral motor fibres
what causes cauliflower ear
haematoma, blood supply to cartilage is blocked off by trauma, ischaemia of the cartilage, causes fibrosis
bruising under skin in bone cartilage must be drained in 24hrs or will get this
what is the course of the facial nerve
runs through back of middle ear, goes through stylomastoid foramen, goes to parotids
what can cause ear pain in the outer ear
acute otitis external- can lead to malignant OE (spreading infection to skull base)
wax accumulation
water can make wax swell
skin cancer (high risk as pinna close to brain)
trauma, infection, cellulitis
herpes zoster and simplex
ramsey hunt syndrome
what is ramsey hunt syndrome
when a shingles outbreak affects the facial nerve near one of your ears
what can cause pain in the middle ear
acute otitis media build up of pressure- eustachian tube dysfunction cholesteatoma skull trauma stedial clonus (flickering of muscle) haematympani inflammation of tympanic membrane glue ear
what is a cholesteatoma
when skin gets trapped in middle ear (can be due to negative pressure) which grows and puts pressure on surrounding bones. can cause infection leading to cranial abscesses. can dissolve bones by reducing action of osteoblasts
can be congential
when is an cholesteatoma sore
when it gets infected and causes inflamamtion
what can cause pain in the inner ear
meneires
labyrthinitis
base of skull fracture
what are the features of menieres
aural fullness, low frequency SN hearing loss, tinnitus, episodic (usually in one ear, can last a couple of days)
what is labrynthitis
inflammation of the whole vestibule, usually a viral or bacterial infection. can have hearing loss, can be sore, can affect balance. must have vertigo and hearing loss to have this. not common
what is vestibular neuronitis
inflammation of the vestibular nerve
not usually sore
what hearing loss in a vestibular schwanoma
unilateral SN
what are the types of base of skull fracture
otic cavity sparing
otic cavity violating (if inner ear damage then can get dead ears)
what surrounding structures can cause ear pain
temporal vasculitis (GCA) septic arthritis of the TMJ TMJ disclocation pre auricular sinuses (congential problems, brachial cleft cysts) parotid- mumps (viral)
what nerves can cause reffered pain to the ears
trigeminal facial glossopharyngeal vagus spinal nerves C2 and £ (sensation to back of head)
what can cause the trigeminal nerve to refer pain to ear
cellulitis, shingles, burns, problems with muscles of mastication, TMJ dysfunction, dental caries, tongue piercings, tooth grinding, infections and stones in salivary glands
what can cause the facial nerve to refer pain to ear
sinusitis, ramsey hunt, nasal mucosa and soft palate problems
what can cause the glossopharyngeal nerve to refer pain to ear
tonsilitis and pharyngitis, tongue cancer, tonsil cancer, mass in prepharyngeal and retropharyngeal space, tonsilar nodes, quinsy, tonsilectomy
what is quinsy
peritonsilar abscess caused by bacteria, must be drained
what can cause the vagus nerve to refer pain to ear
larynx and pharynx, foreign body in piriform fossa
what are the five main questions to ask in an ear history
pain, discharge, tinnitus, balance, hearing loss
what can tuning forks differentiate
SN or conductive HL
