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ENT > Otalgia > Flashcards

Otalgia Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the stapedius

A

controls the movement of the stapes, stops it moving too much in loud sounds

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2
Q

what is the tensor tympani

A

muscle that controls the tension of the ear drum, stops it perforating

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3
Q

what is the epithympanic recess

A

hollow in roof of middle ear recess

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4
Q

what does the stapes attach to

A

oval window

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5
Q

what do the otolith organs sense

A

linear movement to do with gravity
saccule- vertical
urticle- horizontal

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6
Q

what is the nervus intermedius

A

branch of the facial nerve which contains somatic sensory, special sensory and visceral motor fibres

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7
Q

what causes cauliflower ear

A

haematoma, blood supply to cartilage is blocked off by trauma, ischaemia of the cartilage, causes fibrosis
bruising under skin in bone cartilage must be drained in 24hrs or will get this

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8
Q

what is the course of the facial nerve

A

runs through back of middle ear, goes through stylomastoid foramen, goes to parotids

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9
Q

what can cause ear pain in the outer ear

A

acute otitis external- can lead to malignant OE (spreading infection to skull base)
wax accumulation
water can make wax swell
skin cancer (high risk as pinna close to brain)
trauma, infection, cellulitis
herpes zoster and simplex
ramsey hunt syndrome

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10
Q

what is ramsey hunt syndrome

A

when a shingles outbreak affects the facial nerve near one of your ears

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11
Q

what can cause pain in the middle ear

A 
acute otitis media 
build up of pressure- eustachian tube dysfunction 
cholesteatoma 
skull trauma 
stedial clonus (flickering of muscle) 
haematympani 
inflammation of tympanic membrane
glue ear
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12
Q

what is a cholesteatoma

A

when skin gets trapped in middle ear (can be due to negative pressure) which grows and puts pressure on surrounding bones. can cause infection leading to cranial abscesses. can dissolve bones by reducing action of osteoblasts
can be congential

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13
Q

when is an cholesteatoma sore

A

when it gets infected and causes inflamamtion

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14
Q

what can cause pain in the inner ear

A

meneires
labyrthinitis
base of skull fracture

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15
Q

what are the features of menieres

A

aural fullness, low frequency SN hearing loss, tinnitus, episodic (usually in one ear, can last a couple of days)

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16
Q

what is labrynthitis

A

inflammation of the whole vestibule, usually a viral or bacterial infection. can have hearing loss, can be sore, can affect balance. must have vertigo and hearing loss to have this. not common

17
Q

what is vestibular neuronitis

A

inflammation of the vestibular nerve

not usually sore

18
Q

what hearing loss in a vestibular schwanoma

A

unilateral SN

19
Q

what are the types of base of skull fracture

A

otic cavity sparing

otic cavity violating (if inner ear damage then can get dead ears)

20
Q

what surrounding structures can cause ear pain

A 
temporal vasculitis (GCA)
septic arthritis of the TMJ
TMJ disclocation 
pre auricular sinuses (congential problems, brachial cleft cysts) 
parotid- mumps (viral)
21
Q

what nerves can cause reffered pain to the ears

A 
trigeminal
facial 
glossopharyngeal 
vagus
spinal nerves C2 and £ (sensation to back of head)
22
Q

what can cause the trigeminal nerve to refer pain to ear

A

cellulitis, shingles, burns, problems with muscles of mastication, TMJ dysfunction, dental caries, tongue piercings, tooth grinding, infections and stones in salivary glands

23
Q

what can cause the facial nerve to refer pain to ear

A

sinusitis, ramsey hunt, nasal mucosa and soft palate problems

24
Q

what can cause the glossopharyngeal nerve to refer pain to ear

A

tonsilitis and pharyngitis, tongue cancer, tonsil cancer, mass in prepharyngeal and retropharyngeal space, tonsilar nodes, quinsy, tonsilectomy

25
Q

what is quinsy

A

peritonsilar abscess caused by bacteria, must be drained

26
Q

what can cause the vagus nerve to refer pain to ear

A

larynx and pharynx, foreign body in piriform fossa

27
Q

what are the five main questions to ask in an ear history

A

pain, discharge, tinnitus, balance, hearing loss

28
Q

what can tuning forks differentiate

A

SN or conductive HL

ENT (27 decks)

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