Microbiology Tutorial Flashcards
what causes most throat infections
viruses
what throat infection can have serious complications
strep A (strep pyogenes)
what is this:
six-month-old baby to your GP surgery first thing one morning because the baby
has been awake since 2 a.m. screaming with pain and refusing to sleep. He has had a cold for 2 days
and seemed to have a raised temperature last night. The baby had finally fallen asleep at 7 a.m.,
exhausted, and when his mum picked him up to come to the surgery, she noticed some green
discharge on the pillow that appeared to have come from his right ear. You examine the baby and
see that his right ear canal is full of pus and that it is difficult to visualise the right tympanic
membrane
acute otitis media
what organisms commonly cause AOM
strep pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, group A strep
what is the treatment for children with AOM
oral amoxicillin (not ear drops) (also not penicillin as has better oral absorption)
whats more broad range penicillin or amoxicillin
amoxicillin- also covers e.g. H influenzae
what are the characteristics of strep pneumoniae
diplococci (cocci in pairs)
gram +ve
will giving amoxicillin in mono give you a macular rash
mooka says no
dr says yes
probs mo
what virus causes infective mononucleosis
ebstein barr virus
what are the tests for mono
EBV IgM, heterophile antibody, blood count and film, LFTs, paul-bunnell and monospot
swimmer with ear pain, patches of black/grey wax - what is this
acute otitis media caused by aspergillus niger
what causes a fungal external ear infection
fungal spore are in the air, need moist ears to cause infection
what is the treatment for a fungal acute otitis externa
aural toilet
topical clotrimazole
name two organisms that commonly cause acute otitis externa
s. aureus, pseudomonas
what pathogen causes malignant otitis externa
pseudomonas
what type of bacteria is pseudomonas
gram -ve bacillus
can fungal ear infections become invasive
no
what are centor criteria for tonsilitis
fever inflamed tonsils no cough cervical lymphadenopathy tonsilar swelling or exudate
(add 1 if <15, -1 over 44)
what antibiotics for tonsilitis
penicillin
what is the treatment for a peritonsilar abscess
drainage and IV antibiotics
what are possible complications of tonsilitis
rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, peritonsilar abscess
what does this patient have:
A two year old boy was taken to his GP with the complaint of difficulty in eating for a day. The
patient had developed fever suddenly the previous night without any systemic ‘flu-like symptoms.
After 12 hours his mother had noticed two papules; one in the palm and one in the foot. Following
that he developed a severe ache in legs and difficulty eating. The patient experienced a severe
itching over the papules.
On examination, the patient was febrile and had a body temperature of 39°C. Many papules were
noted on the palm and foot. 2-3 papules were present over the trunk region and knee as well
(Figure). Intraoral examination revealed multiple reddish macules, measuring approximately 2mm in
diameter in the roof of the hard palate. No other lesions were present intra-orally.
hand, foot and mouth disease
what is the management for hand foot and mouth disease
fluids, paracetamol syrup for fever, topical local anaesthetic for intraoral application, antihistamine syrup and calamine solution for itching
what happens to the papules in hand foot and mouth disease
turn into fluid filled blisters
palatal lesions should subside allowing swallowing problems to resolve
vesicles start to form crustations
what causes hand food and mouth disease
coxsackie (enterovirus)
what minimises your change of contracting hand food and mouth
good hygiene, wash hands
what are the side efffects of quinolones
tendonitis, seizures, c. diff, gi problems, hearing and taste problems etc
what antibiotics cause c. diff
fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, penicillins and clindamycin
