Osteoporosis Flashcards
What is Osteoporosis
Low bone density (2.5 Standard deviations) where T<2.5
Whst is the difference between osteoporosis and osteomalacia
Osteoporosis = Low Bone density Osteomalacia = Low Mineralisation
What are the “SHATTERED” RF for Osteoporosis
S- Steroids H- Hyperthyroid/hyperPTH A- Alcohol and smoking T- Thin T- Testosetrone low E- Estrogen low R- Renal/liver fail E- Erosive/inflammatory disease D- DMT1/Malabsorption
What does the T Score measure
Young adult bone density
What is the normal T Value
0-1
T Value = 1
Patient has osteopenia
Precursor to osteoporosis
What T value w/ Low bone density by more than 2.5 standard deviations diagnoses osteoporosis
T<2.5
What are the presentations of Osteoporosis
Fractures
- Proximal femur (Falls)
- Colles (Outstretched hand)
- Compression vertebral crush
What is the GOLD investigation for osteoporosis
DEXA Scan
-Finds T score and measures Bone mineral density against reference by X Ray
What tool is used to measure the risk of fractures in osteoporosis (<10years)
FRAX Score
How is Osteoporosis treated
Bisphosphonates (Alendronate)
mAB denosumab
Hormone replacement therapy
Raloxifene
How does alendronate work
Inhibit RANK-L signal so inhibits Osteoclasts
How does Denosumab work
Inhibit RANK-L
Why is hormone replacemnen therapy used in Osteoporiosis
Raise Testosterone and estrogen as low values are RF FOR OSTEOPOROSIS
What does DEXA stand for
Dual Energy Xray Absorbitometry
What does DEXA work out
the T SCORE in comparison to normal healthy young adult
How can hyperparathyroid be addressed in Osteoporosis
Temparitide
Why is Raloxifene administered to females with osteoporosis
Helps to increase levels of oestrogen
What is the gold line management of osteoporosis
Alendronate
What is the 2nd line management of osteoporosis
mAB Denosumab
A proximal femur fracture is OP suggests what trauma
Fall
A colles fracture in OP suggests what trauma
Fall onto outstretched hand
What can a compressed vertebral crush lead to
Kyphosis
