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Ph2206 > Osteoperosis > Flashcards

Osteoperosis Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme is responsible for the decrease in glucosamine synthesis

A

decrease in F6P amide transferase enzyme after 40

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2
Q

What happens to inflammatory cytokines as we age

A

Monocytes lining surface of synovial capsul release more cytokines (causing inflamation, pain, acelerated catilage destruction)

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3
Q

what are the 2 things that glucosamine lead to

A 
Hylauronic acid 
Glucuronic acid (chondroitin sulphate)
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4
Q

Steps of glucosamine processing

A

Glucosamine-> n acetylyglucosamine (with acytle group from vit b)

nacetylyglucosamine->Nacetylegalactosamine

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5
Q

What is the function of chondroitin sulfate

A

‘mortor’ of cartilage (w/o enough it leads to degredation)

-acts as shock absorbing complex and draws water into the joint

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6
Q

What is the mech of action of NSAIDS

A

blocks COX enzymes (enzyme that takes arachidonic acids to PGs)

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7
Q

If our phospholipd layer has lots of arachinoid fats what happens when pospholipase A cleaves it

A

Arachidonic acid is acted on by COX and is converted to prostaglandins which promote inflamation

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8
Q

What is teh other enzyme that acts on arachidonic acid

A

Moocytes produce inflamation primaryly thru the use of lipoxygenases (no drug to block this path)

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9
Q

What does the drug prendisone do

A

A glucocorticosteriod drug that inhibits Phospholipase A2

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10
Q

why does NSAIDS have anticagulent effects

A

Blocks COX enzyme reducing synthesis of PG2 + TXA 2(thromboxane)

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11
Q

Why do stomach ulcers happen when people take NSAIDS (how many ppl affected)

A

Cox makes a protaglandin which helps creates gut mucus barrier which protects gut lining from HCL
10-30% indvs

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12
Q

Contraindications to NSAID use

A
  • Decline in kidney function
  • High BP
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Hx of ulcers/gastric erosion
  • osteaoarthritis
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13
Q

How is acetaminophan typically delt with in the liver

A
  1. Acetaminophen converted to NAPQI (which is toxic)

2. NAPQI is handed to gltathione

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14
Q

What happns if u take too much tylenol

A

NAPQI will build up becuase there is not enough glutathione to deal with it

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15
Q

What is the antidote for a tylenol overdose

A

Nacetyle cystine

-it is a precursur to glutathione

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16
Q

What are foods high in Arachnoid acid and what is the bad PG it produces

A

Red meats, corn oil, sunflower oil, veg oils

PG2 is bad

17
Q

Which is better omega 3 or 6

A 
omega 3 (alpha linolenic acid) 
(EPA also good)
18
Q

What food has highest conc of alpha liniolic acid

A

Flax seed oil. (57% )

19
Q

What are good coenzymes to supplement to help the good PG pathway

A

B vits, antoxidents, magnesium and zinc

20
Q

How mucg glucosamine is absorbed compared to chondroitin

A

glucosamine- 26% survives first pass of liver

chondriotin- 0-13% absorbed (too large to cross luman)

21
Q

What is the anti aging dose of glucosamine and cartilage prob dose

A

ant aging- 500-1000mg/day

cartilage dose- 1500-2000mg/day

22
Q

What is the best form of glucosamine to take

A

glucosamine sulfate

23
Q

What does curcumin do

A

inhibits 5 lipoxygenase + cox

also inhibits TNFa and NFkB

24
Q

What does boswellia do

A

inhibits 5 lipoxygenase

25
Q

What does white willow bark extract do

A

Converted to Acytal-salicylic acid (powerful anti inflamatory pain killer)

26
Q

Contraindications to white willow bark extract

A

-Gout, hemopholia, kidney disease,

Reyes syndrome in kids under 12

27
Q

Effects of ginger root extract

A

has gingerols which inhibit COX and 5-lipoxygenase

28
Q

What does bromelain do

A

Contains fibrinolytic enzymes which break down fibrin clots in swelling

29
Q

What effect does quercetin have

A

Blocks histamine and other inflamtory mediators

30
Q

What does n actytel glucosamine lead to and n actytle galactosamine

A

n actyle glucosamine- Hylauron

N actyle galactosamine- Chondrotin

Ph2206 (11 decks)

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