Osteoperosis Flashcards
What enzyme is responsible for the decrease in glucosamine synthesis
decrease in F6P amide transferase enzyme after 40
What happens to inflammatory cytokines as we age
Monocytes lining surface of synovial capsul release more cytokines (causing inflamation, pain, acelerated catilage destruction)
what are the 2 things that glucosamine lead to
Hylauronic acid Glucuronic acid (chondroitin sulphate)
Steps of glucosamine processing
Glucosamine-> n acetylyglucosamine (with acytle group from vit b)
nacetylyglucosamine->Nacetylegalactosamine
What is the function of chondroitin sulfate
‘mortor’ of cartilage (w/o enough it leads to degredation)
-acts as shock absorbing complex and draws water into the joint
What is the mech of action of NSAIDS
blocks COX enzymes (enzyme that takes arachidonic acids to PGs)
If our phospholipd layer has lots of arachinoid fats what happens when pospholipase A cleaves it
Arachidonic acid is acted on by COX and is converted to prostaglandins which promote inflamation
What is teh other enzyme that acts on arachidonic acid
Moocytes produce inflamation primaryly thru the use of lipoxygenases (no drug to block this path)
What does the drug prendisone do
A glucocorticosteriod drug that inhibits Phospholipase A2
why does NSAIDS have anticagulent effects
Blocks COX enzyme reducing synthesis of PG2 + TXA 2(thromboxane)
Why do stomach ulcers happen when people take NSAIDS (how many ppl affected)
Cox makes a protaglandin which helps creates gut mucus barrier which protects gut lining from HCL
10-30% indvs
Contraindications to NSAID use
- Decline in kidney function
- High BP
- Congestive heart failure
- Hx of ulcers/gastric erosion
- osteaoarthritis
How is acetaminophan typically delt with in the liver
- Acetaminophen converted to NAPQI (which is toxic)
2. NAPQI is handed to gltathione
What happns if u take too much tylenol
NAPQI will build up becuase there is not enough glutathione to deal with it
What is the antidote for a tylenol overdose
Nacetyle cystine
-it is a precursur to glutathione
What are foods high in Arachnoid acid and what is the bad PG it produces
Red meats, corn oil, sunflower oil, veg oils
PG2 is bad
Which is better omega 3 or 6
omega 3 (alpha linolenic acid) (EPA also good)
What food has highest conc of alpha liniolic acid
Flax seed oil. (57% )
What are good coenzymes to supplement to help the good PG pathway
B vits, antoxidents, magnesium and zinc
How mucg glucosamine is absorbed compared to chondroitin
glucosamine- 26% survives first pass of liver
chondriotin- 0-13% absorbed (too large to cross luman)
What is the anti aging dose of glucosamine and cartilage prob dose
ant aging- 500-1000mg/day
cartilage dose- 1500-2000mg/day
What is the best form of glucosamine to take
glucosamine sulfate
What does curcumin do
inhibits 5 lipoxygenase + cox
also inhibits TNFa and NFkB
What does boswellia do
inhibits 5 lipoxygenase
