CVD Flashcards
what does atherosclerosis a risk factor for
increases risk of heart attack, stroke, peripheral vascular disease + kidney failure
Where do blockages of blood vessels usually occur at (location)
at bifurcations
What artery when blocked is called the widow maker
Left coronary artery
Below what level of blood cholesterol is ideal (and next best target)
ideal- below 3.9mmol
Next best target- 4.7mmol
What is the path of a VLDL
travels to adipocyte and here lipopro lipase disolves the TG so fat goes into cell and LDL is left (filled w cholesterol)
What is the end game of LDL
attaches to cells w LDL receptors and cholesterol is taken up to make various things (cell membrane, steriods etc)
But if too much Cholesterol already it will settle on vessel walls
What do HDLs do
picks up ldl to bring back to liver in order to produce bile
What apo pro allows LDL to fit on receptors
APO B
What apo pros does HDL gives to chylomicrons + VLDL
ApocII- activates LPL
APO E- activated LDL receptors
What is familial hypercholesterolemia and what percentage of the pop gets it
5%
LDL receptor issue
What is the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques
- Endothelial damage (lots of oxidation of LDL)
- platlets form healing dam over injury
- Monocytes migrate to injury and macrophages take up oxidised LDL cholesterol
- Eventually die and form foam cells and fibrous plaque forms
how does soluble fibre work
Soluble fibre binds to bile and stops it from being reabsorbed
Thus body needs to make new bile thru using cholesterol
what does gum guggal do (and what enzyme does it inhibit)
Increases LDL clearence by inhibiting 7ahydroxlyase (converts more cholesterol to bile)
Contraindications of gum glugol
shouldnt be used with beta blockers/ ca channel blockers
What is the effect of artichoke leaf extract
Helps increase bile acid secretion by liver, in turn up regulating LDL cholesterol receptor production in liber
