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Ph2206 > Aging + Cancer > Flashcards

Aging + Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 theiors of aging

A
  1. Telomeres + Hayflick theory
  2. Damage accumulation theory
  3. Neuro endocrine clock
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2
Q

What is hay flick theory

A

there is finite cell division

ex. Fibroblasts can replicate 50X max

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3
Q

What is telomere theory and what cells are immortal and why

A

shorten each div eventually reaching a critical lvl

Immortal cells–> hemopoietic, spermatozoa, cancer cells (telomerase enzymes turn on in these cells extending the telomeres)

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4
Q

What % of the time is ox converted to free rad and types

A

2-5% of molecular ox is converted to oxygen free rads from ETC (5% supra oxide)

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5
Q

What happens when supra oxide reduces further

A

Produces H202 and hydroxyl radicals

favoured in presence of metals such as iron + copper

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6
Q

What are some other common free rads

A
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons (bbq)
  • heterocyclic amines (charing meat)
  • Nitrosamines (meats)
  • alcohol
  • cig smoke
  • NO
  • radiation
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7
Q

Endogenous antioxidents

A
  • Superoxide dimutase (need magnese, zinc, mg)
  • catalase (need iron)
  • Glutathione peroxidase (need selenium)

-uric acid
-melatonin
coq10

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8
Q

What does cross linking of collagen due to free rads cause

A

rigidity of tissues- more fibrotic tissue produced

Decrease vital capacity in lungs

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9
Q

What are advanced glycolated end products and what do they do

A
  • When blood sugar lvls are too high on a daily basis and you start sugar coating pros (hemoglobin) in your blood stream
    1. clog arteries + increase arterial inflammation
    2. damage kidneys
    3. cataracts
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10
Q

What neuronal horomones are reduced w ageing (4)

A
  1. GH and IGF1
  2. Melatonin
  3. Reproductive and anabolic horomnonees
  4. Thymus hormones
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11
Q

How many servings of fruit/veg servings associated w 50% reduced risk of cnacer

A

5-7

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12
Q

How does supplementation associated w decreased risk of cancer

A

antioxidant sup- 48% reduced risk

Basic multivitamin- offered no protection

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13
Q

What causes rapid cell div and why is that bad

A

-more genetic mistakes, less time for DNA repair enzymes to fix mistakes, shorter telomere

  • Hormone replacement therapy
  • High animal fat diet
  • Veg oils
  • lack of omega 3
  • overweight
  • alcohol
  • poor diet
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14
Q

What causes weekend immune system

A
  • thymus gland involution w aging
  • free rad damage accumulation
  • decreased respiratory bursts
  • corticosteroirds
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15
Q

What 3 vits are key to cellular differentiation

A 
Vit D (below 85nmol/l)
Vit A (metaplasia)
Carotenes
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16
Q

Def in what 2 vits cause weak chromosomal linkages

A

Folic acid

Vit B12

17
Q

What are vits that tone down mitogen receptors (HER1/2, EDGF, IGF1)

A

-Vit E ssuccinate
-Vit D
-Curcurmin
0omega 3 fats
-lycopene

18
Q

Nutrients that prevent cancer cells from forming new blood vessels

A
  • Vit E succinate
  • Milk Thistle
  • Soy isoflavins
  • Curcumin
  • Green tea
19
Q

Nutritents that encourage cells to do apoptosis

A
  • Vit E succinate
  • Meletonin
  • Selenium
  • Vit C
  • Mush extract
  • Soy isoflavins
20
Q

What happens at 40 and what to do to limit it

A

Decline in glucosamine synthesis results in thinning of jt cartilage, arthritis

Solution: supplement w glucosamine (sulfate)

21
Q

What happens at 45 and what to do to limit it

A

Decreased CoQ10 synthesis
-leads to congestive heart failure, high BP

Solution: Supplement w coQ10 + hawthorn

22
Q

What occurs at 50 and how to limit it

A

-immune system and the detoxification system becomes sluggish

antioxidants (Vit c, e, selenium, zinc)
Cruniferous vegs/garlic/onions

23
Q

What occurs at 55 and how to limit it

A

After age 55 there is a decline in brain synthesis of memory chemical (choline can cross bbb)

  • CDP choline
  • Phosphatidylserine
  • bacopa monneiri
  • Huperzine A
24
Q

What causes benign prostate enlargement and what can be done to combat it

A

after 40 DHT builds up in the prostate (DHT causes enlargement + may increase cancer risk and spreads existing cancer)

-saw pametto

25
Q

What kind of hormone changes are seen in menopause

A

90% decline in estrogen
66% decline in progesterone
50% decline in test

-compensatory increase in FSH, LH and noradrenaline

26
Q

some physiological changes in menopause

A
  • bone loss (increased risk of osteoporosis)
  • Increase in blood cholesterol
  • Skin atrophy
  • vaginal dryness
27
Q

natural support for menopause (3)

A
  1. Black cohosh
  2. Soy extract
  3. Gamma oryzanol
28
Q

osteoporosis risk in men women

A

1/4 women

1/8 men

29
Q

What is the major risk factors to osteoperosis

A
  • lack of calcium
  • lack of vit d
  • lack of physical activity
30
Q

What lifelong sups should u start at 15 (2)

A
  • High potency multiple vit+min

- Essential fatty acids

Ph2206 (11 decks)

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