Aging + Cancer Flashcards
What are the 3 theiors of aging
- Telomeres + Hayflick theory
- Damage accumulation theory
- Neuro endocrine clock
What is hay flick theory
there is finite cell division
ex. Fibroblasts can replicate 50X max
What is telomere theory and what cells are immortal and why
shorten each div eventually reaching a critical lvl
Immortal cells–> hemopoietic, spermatozoa, cancer cells (telomerase enzymes turn on in these cells extending the telomeres)
What % of the time is ox converted to free rad and types
2-5% of molecular ox is converted to oxygen free rads from ETC (5% supra oxide)
What happens when supra oxide reduces further
Produces H202 and hydroxyl radicals
favoured in presence of metals such as iron + copper
What are some other common free rads
- Aromatic hydrocarbons (bbq)
- heterocyclic amines (charing meat)
- Nitrosamines (meats)
- alcohol
- cig smoke
- NO
- radiation
Endogenous antioxidents
- Superoxide dimutase (need magnese, zinc, mg)
- catalase (need iron)
- Glutathione peroxidase (need selenium)
-uric acid
-melatonin
coq10
What does cross linking of collagen due to free rads cause
rigidity of tissues- more fibrotic tissue produced
Decrease vital capacity in lungs
What are advanced glycolated end products and what do they do
- When blood sugar lvls are too high on a daily basis and you start sugar coating pros (hemoglobin) in your blood stream
1. clog arteries + increase arterial inflammation
2. damage kidneys
3. cataracts
What neuronal horomones are reduced w ageing (4)
- GH and IGF1
- Melatonin
- Reproductive and anabolic horomnonees
- Thymus hormones
How many servings of fruit/veg servings associated w 50% reduced risk of cnacer
5-7
How does supplementation associated w decreased risk of cancer
antioxidant sup- 48% reduced risk
Basic multivitamin- offered no protection
What causes rapid cell div and why is that bad
-more genetic mistakes, less time for DNA repair enzymes to fix mistakes, shorter telomere
- Hormone replacement therapy
- High animal fat diet
- Veg oils
- lack of omega 3
- overweight
- alcohol
- poor diet
What causes weekend immune system
- thymus gland involution w aging
- free rad damage accumulation
- decreased respiratory bursts
- corticosteroirds
What 3 vits are key to cellular differentiation
Vit D (below 85nmol/l) Vit A (metaplasia) Carotenes
Def in what 2 vits cause weak chromosomal linkages
Folic acid
Vit B12
What are vits that tone down mitogen receptors (HER1/2, EDGF, IGF1)
-Vit E ssuccinate
-Vit D
-Curcurmin
0omega 3 fats
-lycopene
Nutrients that prevent cancer cells from forming new blood vessels
- Vit E succinate
- Milk Thistle
- Soy isoflavins
- Curcumin
- Green tea
Nutritents that encourage cells to do apoptosis
- Vit E succinate
- Meletonin
- Selenium
- Vit C
- Mush extract
- Soy isoflavins
What happens at 40 and what to do to limit it
Decline in glucosamine synthesis results in thinning of jt cartilage, arthritis
Solution: supplement w glucosamine (sulfate)
What happens at 45 and what to do to limit it
Decreased CoQ10 synthesis
-leads to congestive heart failure, high BP
Solution: Supplement w coQ10 + hawthorn
What occurs at 50 and how to limit it
-immune system and the detoxification system becomes sluggish
antioxidants (Vit c, e, selenium, zinc)
Cruniferous vegs/garlic/onions
What occurs at 55 and how to limit it
After age 55 there is a decline in brain synthesis of memory chemical (choline can cross bbb)
- CDP choline
- Phosphatidylserine
- bacopa monneiri
- Huperzine A
What causes benign prostate enlargement and what can be done to combat it
after 40 DHT builds up in the prostate (DHT causes enlargement + may increase cancer risk and spreads existing cancer)
-saw pametto
