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Human Anatomy > Osteology > Flashcards

Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of bone cells?

A

Osteoblast
Osteocytes
Osteoclast

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2
Q

The realatively active cell aht secrete the fibers and the ground substance

A

Osteoblasts

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3
Q

What does the fibers and ground substance form?

A

Osteoid

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4
Q

Relatively sedentary cells that are entrapped in the extracellular matrix

A

Osteocytes

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5
Q

Large, multinucleated cells that are active in bone reasbsorption.

A

Osteoclasts

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6
Q

2 physicall types of bone tissue

A

Compact & spongy
Compact is “dense bone”
Spongy is “cancelous bone”

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7
Q

The connective tissue proper sheath that envelopes the whole bone except where muscles, ligaments, retinacula, and joint capsules attach.

A

Periosteum

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8
Q

The solid cortical bone tissue of nearly all bones surrounds a space termed the

A

Medullary cavity

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9
Q

The Medullary cavity is lined with a thin sheet of connective tissue proper termed?

A

Endosteum

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10
Q

Both the endosteum and periosteum are firmly attached to the adjacent bone tissue by thick collagenous strands termed

A

Perforating fibers

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11
Q

3 physical functions of bones

A

1) Body shape and Posture
2) Protection
3) Locomotion

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12
Q

2 Metabolic Functions of bones

A

1) Hemopoiesis (formation of RBC & WBC)
2) Fat depository
3) Calcium/Phosphorous storage

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13
Q

How many bones in the human body

A

214

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14
Q

How many bones in the head,

A

29

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15
Q

How many vertebrae

A

26

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16
Q

How many ribs

A

24

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17
Q

How many bones in each superior limb

A

34

18
Q

How many bones in each inferior limb

A

33

19
Q

What are the 5 classifications of bones by shape

A 
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones
20
Q

How many long bones in the human boddy

A

88

21
Q

How many short bones in the human body

A

30 (16 Carpal & 14 Tarsal)

22
Q

What charaterizes Flat bones

A

Significantly reduced in one dimension

23
Q

WHat characterizes Irregular bones

A

Jutting process

24
Q

How many sesamoid bones?

A

10
2 in each thumb
2 in each big toe
and 2 patellaes

25
Q

A reduction in total bone mass, which weakns the skeleton and predisposes the patient to fractures involving minimal trauma

A

Osteoporosis

26
Q

An inflammation of bones involving the contiguous joints and may have traumatic infectious, neoplastic, or developmental implications as weel as degenerative ones

A

Osteoarthritits

27
Q

a developmental anomaly wherein the spinal cord is exposed due to failure of the left and right laminae of the vertebrae to complete closure of the vertebral arch

A

Spina bifida

28
Q

Too little growth hormone during childhood results in

A

Dwarfism, and too much causes Gigantism

29
Q

After skeletal maturity, excess growth hormone causes

A

acromegaly

30
Q

Vitamin D deficiency in children reduces the incorporation of calcium into growing bones and causes

A

Rickets

31
Q

In adults, low vitamin D produces softened bones for the same reason and is called

A

Osteomalacia

32
Q

Most bones begin their development embryologically as tiny hyaline cartilage precursors. These hyaline cartilage models are then converted to the definitive bones by a multistep proccess called?

A

Endochondral ossification

33
Q

what are the 4 steps to Endochondral ossification

A

1) hyaline cartilage model of the bone forms
2) Cartilage mineralizes to become calcified cartilage
3) Mineralized cartilage is reabsorbed by chondroclasts.
4) As cartilage is reabsorbed, cells differentiate into osteoblasts, secrete osteoid, and then bone salt precipitate into bone tissue

34
Q

Areas of hyaline cartilage which remain between enlarging centers of ossification are called

A

Epiphyseal cartilages

35
Q

Bone tissue formed within the periosteum is deposited on the outer surface of the cortex and allows GROWTH IN DIAMETER, is called

A

Intramembranous Ossification

36
Q

A break or crack in a bone is called a

A

Fracture

37
Q

Putting the broken endes back into proper alignment is called

A

Reducing (“setting”) the fracture

38
Q

Adding casts, pins, screws, wires, plates to reduce movement to a minimum is called

A

Stablilization

39
Q

Fractures that require an exceptionally long time to heal are called

A

Delayed Unions

40
Q

Sometimes healing never occur and this develops

A

False Joints

41
Q

When bones are surgically fractured for the purpose of realignments it is called

A

Corrective osteotomies

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

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