Endocrine System Flashcards
What is a “true” endocrine organ?
Those that have no know function other than hormone production
What are the 5 “true” endocrine organs?
1-Pineal 2-Pituitary (hypophysis) 3-Thyroid 4-parathyroid 5-Adrenal
What organs are “non-Endocrine that produce hormones?
Hypothalamus, Pancreas, small intestine, stomach, kidney, thymus, ovary, testis, heart, Placenta.
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
What is Melatonin?
Stimulates the release of some hormones from the hypothalamus and is involved in circadian rhythms.
*is secreted by the Pineal Gland
Where is Melatonin secreted?
The Pineal Gland?
Is the Pineal Gland a true or non true Organ
It is a True Organ
Is the Pituitary Gland(hypophysis) True or Non-true?
True
What is another name for Pituitary gland
Hypophysis
What Hormones are released from the Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
Anterior lobe(adenohypophysis) Somatotropin(growth hormone/GH) Thyrotropin(TSH) Adrenocorticotropic h. (ACTH) Follicle stimulating h. (FSH) Luteinizing h. (LH) Prolactin (PRL) Melanocyte stimulating h. (MSH) Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) Oxytocin (OXY) Antidiuretic h (ADH)
What is the abv. for Somatotropin
GH-growth hormone
Where is Somatotropin (GH) released from?
Anterior lobe of Pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
What is Somatotropin (GH)?
Stimulates protein synthesis and general body growth
*Two hypothalamic hormones (GRF and GR-IH) control the secretion of GH
What happens if you get too little/too much Somatotropin (GH)?
Inadequate quantities during childhood and adolescence results in dwarfism. Hypersecretion in immature individuals results in giantism. If hypersecretion is in adult the condition acromegaly results. (osseous enlargements in distal limbs, mandible, and nose.
What is acromegaly?
Occurs because hypersecretion of Somatotropin (GH) in adults. Causes osseous enlargements in distal limbs, mandible and nose.
What type of hormones is Somatotropin (GH)?
Protein
What is the abv. for Thyrotropin?
TSH- also called thyroid stimulating hormone
Where is Thyrotropin (TSH) released
Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
What is Thyrotropin (TSH)
stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone.
is under the influence of thyrotropin releasing factor from the hypothalamus.
What is the clinical considerations for Thyrotropin (TSH)
If the diet is deficient in iodine, the thyroid gland cannot manufacture enought thyroid hormone, this causes an increase in TSH release, causing enlargement of thyroid gland, and is diagnosed as endemic goiter
What is the abv. for Adrenocorticotropic h.
ACTH
Where is Adrenocorticotropic h. (ACTH) released
Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
What is Adrenocorticotropic h. (ACTH)
Stimulates the production of hormones by the adrenal cortex
*It is released in response to corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamus
What type of hormone is Adrenocorticotropic h. (ACTH)
Protein
What is the abv. of Follicle stimulating h.
FSH
Where is Follicle stimulating h. (FSH) released
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
What is Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Is responsible for stimulating the monthly ovarian cycle in females, and for stimulating spermatogenesis in males.
*The release of FSH and LH are partially controlled by gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus
What kind of hormone is Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Protein
What is the abv. for Luteinizing hormone
LH
Where is Luteinizing hormone (LH) released
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
What is Luteinizing hormone (LH)
stimulates ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum in femails. In males the same hormone is Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)
What kind of hormone is Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Protein
What is the abv. for Interstitial cell stimulating hormone
ICSH
Where is interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) released
Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
What is interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)
Stimulates the interstitial cells of the testis to produce testosterone.
*in females called Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is the abv. for Prolactin
PRL
*Also known as Lactogenic hormone (LTH)n
Where is Prolactin (PRL) released
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
What is Prolactin (PRL)
It promotes lactation after parturition in females and has no function in males.
Its release is controlled by prolactin release inhibiting factor from the hypothalamus
What is another name for Prolactin (PRL)
Lactogenic hormone (LTH)
What type of hormone is Prolactin (PRL)
Protein
What is the abv. for Melanocyte stimulating Hormone
MSH
Where is Melanocyte stimulating h. (MSH) relased
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
What is Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
Is known to increase skin pigmentation in some species, wheater thats true in mankind is uncertain.
*MRF and MIF in the hypothalamus affect the secretion of MSH
What kind of hormone is Melanocyte stimulating h. (MSH)
Protein
What is the abv. of Oxytocin
OXY or OXT
Where is Oxytocin (OXY) relesed
Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)
*is only stored there not made there)
What is Oxytocin (OXY)
Stimulates contraction of uterine musculature and myoepithelial cells in mammary glands., causeing uterine contraction and stimulating milk “let down”
*Both OXY and ADH are manufactured in hypothalamuse and stored and relased from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)
What kind of hormone is Oxytocin (OXY)
Protein
What is the abv. for Antidiuretic h.
ADH
*also known as vasopressin
What is Antidiuretic h. ADH also known as
vasopressin
Where is Antidiuretic h. (ADH) released
Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)
*only stored there is not made there
What is Antidiuretic h. (ADH)
Reduces urine output by increasing renal resorption of water.. ALso constricts blood vessesl which elevates the blood pressure.
What is the clinical considerations
Inadequate levels of this hormone cause a disease condition called diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by excessive urination and thirst.
What type of hormone is Antidiuretic h. ADH
Protein
What hormones does the Thyroid gland release
Tetraiodothyronine or Thyroxine (T4)
Triodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
Is the Thyroid gland a true or Non true gland
True Gland
What is the abv. for Tetraiodothyonine
Thyroxine T4