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Human Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is a “true” endocrine organ?

A

Those that have no know function other than hormone production

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2
Q

What are the 5 “true” endocrine organs?

A 
1-Pineal
2-Pituitary (hypophysis)
3-Thyroid
4-parathyroid
5-Adrenal
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3
Q

What organs are “non-Endocrine that produce hormones?

A

Hypothalamus, Pancreas, small intestine, stomach, kidney, thymus, ovary, testis, heart, Placenta.

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4
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?

A

Melatonin

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5
Q

What is Melatonin?

A

Stimulates the release of some hormones from the hypothalamus and is involved in circadian rhythms.
*is secreted by the Pineal Gland

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6
Q

Where is Melatonin secreted?

A

The Pineal Gland?

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7
Q

Is the Pineal Gland a true or non true Organ

A

It is a True Organ

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8
Q

Is the Pituitary Gland(hypophysis) True or Non-true?

A

True

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9
Q

What is another name for Pituitary gland

A

Hypophysis

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10
Q

What Hormones are released from the Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

A 
Anterior lobe(adenohypophysis)
  Somatotropin(growth hormone/GH)
  Thyrotropin(TSH)
  Adrenocorticotropic h. (ACTH)
  Follicle stimulating h. (FSH)
  Luteinizing h. (LH)
  Prolactin (PRL)
  Melanocyte stimulating h. (MSH)
Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
  Oxytocin (OXY)
  Antidiuretic h (ADH)
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11
Q

What is the abv. for Somatotropin

A

GH-growth hormone

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12
Q

Where is Somatotropin (GH) released from?

A

Anterior lobe of Pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

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13
Q

What is Somatotropin (GH)?

A

Stimulates protein synthesis and general body growth

*Two hypothalamic hormones (GRF and GR-IH) control the secretion of GH

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14
Q

What happens if you get too little/too much Somatotropin (GH)?

A

Inadequate quantities during childhood and adolescence results in dwarfism. Hypersecretion in immature individuals results in giantism. If hypersecretion is in adult the condition acromegaly results. (osseous enlargements in distal limbs, mandible, and nose.

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15
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

Occurs because hypersecretion of Somatotropin (GH) in adults. Causes osseous enlargements in distal limbs, mandible and nose.

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16
Q

What type of hormones is Somatotropin (GH)?

A

Protein

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17
Q

What is the abv. for Thyrotropin?

A

TSH- also called thyroid stimulating hormone

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18
Q

Where is Thyrotropin (TSH) released

A

Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

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19
Q

What is Thyrotropin (TSH)

A

stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone.

is under the influence of thyrotropin releasing factor from the hypothalamus.

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20
Q

What is the clinical considerations for Thyrotropin (TSH)

A

If the diet is deficient in iodine, the thyroid gland cannot manufacture enought thyroid hormone, this causes an increase in TSH release, causing enlargement of thyroid gland, and is diagnosed as endemic goiter

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21
Q

What is the abv. for Adrenocorticotropic h.

A

ACTH

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22
Q

Where is Adrenocorticotropic h. (ACTH) released

A

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

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23
Q

What is Adrenocorticotropic h. (ACTH)

A

Stimulates the production of hormones by the adrenal cortex

*It is released in response to corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamus

24
Q

What type of hormone is Adrenocorticotropic h. (ACTH)

A

Protein

25
Q

What is the abv. of Follicle stimulating h.

A

FSH

26
Q

Where is Follicle stimulating h. (FSH) released

A

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

27
Q

What is Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Is responsible for stimulating the monthly ovarian cycle in females, and for stimulating spermatogenesis in males.
*The release of FSH and LH are partially controlled by gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

28
Q

What kind of hormone is Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Protein

29
Q

What is the abv. for Luteinizing hormone

A

LH

30
Q

Where is Luteinizing hormone (LH) released

A

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

31
Q

What is Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

stimulates ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum in femails. In males the same hormone is Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)

32
Q

What kind of hormone is Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Protein

33
Q

What is the abv. for Interstitial cell stimulating hormone

A

ICSH

34
Q

Where is interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) released

A

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

35
Q

What is interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)

A

Stimulates the interstitial cells of the testis to produce testosterone.
*in females called Luteinizing hormone (LH)

36
Q

What is the abv. for Prolactin

A

PRL

*Also known as Lactogenic hormone (LTH)n

37
Q

Where is Prolactin (PRL) released

A

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

38
Q

What is Prolactin (PRL)

A

It promotes lactation after parturition in females and has no function in males.
Its release is controlled by prolactin release inhibiting factor from the hypothalamus

39
Q

What is another name for Prolactin (PRL)

A

Lactogenic hormone (LTH)

40
Q

What type of hormone is Prolactin (PRL)

A

Protein

41
Q

What is the abv. for Melanocyte stimulating Hormone

A

MSH

42
Q

Where is Melanocyte stimulating h. (MSH) relased

A

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

43
Q

What is Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

A

Is known to increase skin pigmentation in some species, wheater thats true in mankind is uncertain.
*MRF and MIF in the hypothalamus affect the secretion of MSH

44
Q

What kind of hormone is Melanocyte stimulating h. (MSH)

A

Protein

45
Q

What is the abv. of Oxytocin

A

OXY or OXT

46
Q

Where is Oxytocin (OXY) relesed

A

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

*is only stored there not made there)

47
Q

What is Oxytocin (OXY)

A

Stimulates contraction of uterine musculature and myoepithelial cells in mammary glands., causeing uterine contraction and stimulating milk “let down”
*Both OXY and ADH are manufactured in hypothalamuse and stored and relased from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

48
Q

What kind of hormone is Oxytocin (OXY)

A

Protein

49
Q

What is the abv. for Antidiuretic h.

A

ADH

*also known as vasopressin

50
Q

What is Antidiuretic h. ADH also known as

A

vasopressin

51
Q

Where is Antidiuretic h. (ADH) released

A

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

*only stored there is not made there

52
Q

What is Antidiuretic h. (ADH)

A

Reduces urine output by increasing renal resorption of water.. ALso constricts blood vessesl which elevates the blood pressure.

53
Q

What is the clinical considerations

A

Inadequate levels of this hormone cause a disease condition called diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by excessive urination and thirst.

54
Q

What type of hormone is Antidiuretic h. ADH

A

Protein

55
Q

What hormones does the Thyroid gland release

A

Tetraiodothyronine or Thyroxine (T4)
Triodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

56
Q

Is the Thyroid gland a true or Non true gland

A

True Gland

57
Q

What is the abv. for Tetraiodothyonine

A

Thyroxine T4

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

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