Axial Myology Flashcards
What are two other names for Muscle Cells
Myocyte
Muscle fibers
What makes up a Muscle Fiber
Myofibril
What makes up Myofibils
Myofilaments (thin and think)
What are the 5 groups of Axial Muscles
Muscles of the head (6 sub groups) Muscles of the Neck (6 sub groups) Muscles of the Thorax (11 muscles not subdivided) Muscles of the Abdomen (3 sub groups) Muscles of the Back (5 subgroups)
Epicranius Muscle
O: Epicranial aponeurosis
I: Occipital belly- Occipital bone
Frontal Belly- skin of eyebrow and nose
Lateral bellies- Muscles and cartilage of the auricle
A: move the scalp (wrinkle brow, “wiggle” ears, ect)
Orbicularis Oculi Muscle
O: N/a
I: N./a
A: Close Eyelids
Corrugator suppercilii Muscle
O: Orbicularis oculi muscle
Nasal prominence of frontal bone
I: Skin of eyebrow
A: draw eyebrow downward and medially
(the "frown" muscle)Orbicularis Oris Muscle
O: N/a
I: N/a
A: Close and purse the lips
Levator Labii Superioris Muscle
O: Maxilla and Zygomatic bone
I: into orbicularis oris muscle of upper lip
A: Elevate upper lip
Levator anguli oris Muscle
O: Maxilla (canine fossa)
I: Orbicularis oris Muscle and skin at corner of mouth
A: Raises angle of mouth
Zygomaticus Major Muscle
O: Zygomatic bone
I: Orbicularis oris muscle at angle (corner) of mouth
A: draw upper lip back and upward
Zygomaticus Minor Muscle
O: Zygomatic bone
I: Orbicularis oris and levator labii superioris muscles
A: draw upper lip up and laterally
Depressor labii inferioris Muscle
O: Anterior aspect of mandible (between the mandibular symphysis and mental foramen)
I: Into orbicularis oris muscle (and skin) of lower lip
A: Depress lower lip
Depressor anguli oris Muscle
O: anterior aspect of mandible
I: Into orbicularis oris M. near corner of mouth
A: Depress corner of mouth
Nasalis Muscle
O: Maxilla
I: Into contralateral muscle (over bridge of nose) and into ala of nose
A: wrinkle nose and dilate nostrils
Temporalis Muscle
O: Temporal fossa of skull
I: Coronoid process (and adjacent ramus) of mandible
A: Elevate mandible (clench teeth)
Masseter Muscle
O: Zygomatic arch of the skull
I: Coronoid process and lateral aspect of ramus of mandible
O: Elevate mandible (clench teeth)
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
O: Lateral wall of pterygoid process and adjacent greater wing of sphenoid bone
I: Condyloid process of mandible and articular disc of temporomandibular Joint
A: Protract mandible, Depress mandible
Medial Pterygoid Muscle
O: Between the medial and lateral walls of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, palatine bone, and maxilla
I: Medial aspect of the mandible (near the angle)
A: elevate mandible and move it laterally
Platysma
O: Fascia over pectoralis major Muscle and Deltoideus Muscle
I: Lower mandibular region
A: Depresses lower lip, wrinkle skin of neck and upper chest (ex yelling & Screaming)
Sternocleidomastoideus Muscle
O: Manubrium of the sternum and sternal extremity of the clavicle
I: Mastoid process of temporal bone
A: Turn head toward opposite side; flex joints of the cervical vertebral column
Pectoralis Major Muscle
O: Clavicle, Sternum, first six ribs, and aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle
I: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus and directly inferior to the greater tubercle of humerus
A: Flex shoulder joint, Adduct and medially rotate limb at the shoulder joint
Pectoralis Minor Muscle
O: ribs 3-5/6 near costochondral joints
I: Caracoid process of scapula
A: draw scapula anterior and down, elevate ribs
Serratus Anterior Muscle
O: Center of lateral aspects of first 8 or 9 ribs
I: Medial border of the scapula
A: rotate scapula and pull it forward, elevate ribs
External intercostal Muscles
O: inferior border of ribs
I: Superior border of ribs
A: Elevate the ribs, maintain tension in the intercostal spaces
Internal Intercostal Muscles
O: Inferior borders of ribs
I: Superior boarder of ribs
A: Depress the ribs, maintain tension in the intercostal spaces
The Diaphragm
N/A
What are the 3 other parts to the Rectus Abdominis Muscle
- Tendinous intersections of the rectus abdominis Muscle
- Sheath of the rectus abdominis Muscle
- Linea alba
Rectus abdominis Muscle
O: Crest and symphysis of pubis
I: xiphoid process of sternum and costal cartilages 5,6,7
A: Draw thorax downward (flex joints of vertebral column), compress abdomen
What 2 muscles form the Anterior layer of the sheath of the rectus abdominis Muscle
External abdominal oblique Muscle
Internal abdominal oblique Muscle
What 2 muscle form the posterior layer of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle
Transversus abdominis Muscle
Internal abdominal oblique Muscle
Inquinal Ligament
This is the inferior boarder to the aponeurosis of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle.
It courses from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle. It also serves at the point where the psoas major and iliacus muscle turn into the iliopsoas muscle
External abdominal oblique muscle
O: ribs 5-12
I: anterior lamina of the sheath of rectus abdominis muscle, anterior half of iliac crest, inguinal ligament
A: Draw thorax downward (flex joints of vertebral column, compress abdomen), rotate vertebral column if contracted unilaterally
Internal abdominal oblique Muscle
O: anterior half of crest of ilium, lumbar fascia, iliac fascia, inguinal ligament
I: Ribs 10-12, sheath of rectus abdominis Muscle
A: Draw thorax downward (flex joints of the vertebral colum), compress abdomen, and rotate vertebral column
Transversus abdominis Muscle
O: Costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
I: xiphoid process of sternum, posterior lamina of sheath of rectus abdominis muscle
A: compress abdomen
Urogenital Diaphragm & Pelvic Diaphragm
N/A
Trapezius Muscle
O: Ocipital bone, Nuchal ligament, Spinous processes of C7 and Thoracic Vetebrae
I: Clavicle, spine and acromion of scapula
A: draw head laterally or posteriorly, Rotate scapula
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
O: Spinous processes of lower 5 or 6 thoracic vertebrae, those of the lumbar vertebrae and median sacral crest
I: with teres major muscle into the medial border of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
A: adduct limb at shoulder joint, rotate limb medially at shoulder joint, extend shoulder joint
Rhomboideus Major Muscle
O: Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae 2-5
I: medial border of scapula below level of its spine
A: pull (retract) scapula toward vertebral column
Rhomboideus Minor Muscle
O: Spinous processes of C7 and T1
I: medial border of scapula at level of spine
A: Pull scapula toward vertebral column and slightly superiorly
What 3 muscles make up the erector spinae muscles
Spinalis Muscle
Longissimus Muscle
Iliocostalis Muscle
Ther erector spinae Muscles
O: N/A
I: attachments transverse processes of vertebrae, ribs, and ilium
A: Extend joints of vertebral column, bend trunk laterally
An incision through the linea alba is called
Anterior Midline Incision
An incision made to one side of but parallel to the midline
Paramedian incision
a cut made parallel to the costal arch and cause more damage to the abdominal wall muscles than the midline or paramedian incisions
Paracostal (subcostal) incisions
When muscles lose their ability to contract due to disruption of their nerve supply
Paralysis
Partial paralysis is called
Paresis
Severe paralysis which results in loss of ability to move limbs is called
quadriplegia
If only the inferior limbs are involved in paralysis
Paraplegia
If the superior limb and inferior limbs on one side of the body are involved it is called
Hemiplegia.
Paraliyzed muscles undergo rapid _________ which markedly reduces the size of their bellies
Disuse atrophy
