Osteoarthritis Flashcards
What is the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis?
Cartilage matrix degradation exceeds synthesis, leading to cartilage loss and joint space narrowing.
What are common symptoms of osteoarthritis?
Joint pain
stiffness
decreased range of motion
swelling
crepitus
What joints are most commonly affected by osteoarthritis?
Knees, hands, fingers, shoulders, and hips.
What are the key risk factors for osteoarthritis?
Age
gender
weight
overuse
past injuries
surgery
family history.
How is osteoarthritis diagnosed clinically?
Joint pain in individuals over 45, with activity-related pain and morning stiffness less than 30 minutes.
What are red flag symptoms in osteoarthritis?
Severe swelling, hot joints, rapid worsening of symptoms, or systemic upset.
What are signs of joint examination in osteoarthritis?
Bony swelling, joint deformity, restricted movement, and crepitus.
What are the main non-pharmacological treatments for osteoarthritis?
Therapeutic exercise, weight management, and manual therapy for certain joints.
What lifestyle measures can improve osteoarthritis symptoms?
Using supportive shoes, pacing activities, and employing warm or cold therapy.
How does osteoarthritis impact patients’ quality of life?
It can cause reduced mobility, mental health challenges, and limitations in daily activities or work.
What is the initial pathological change in osteoarthritis?
Loss of cartilage due to imbalance in cartilage matrix synthesis and degradation.
What happens to bones in osteoarthritis?
Bone remodeling and osteophyte formation occur, reducing joint space.
Is inflammation present in early osteoarthritis?
No, inflammation typically appears in later stages.
What is the primary goal of osteoarthritis treatment?
Reduce pain, improve joint mobility, and minimize disease progression.
Why is exercise recommended for osteoarthritis patients?
It helps with muscle strengthening, improves physical function, and reduces pain.
