Gout Flashcards
What is gout?
A common inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate crystals forming in and around joints.
What are common triggers for gout?
High uric acid levels
genetic predisposition
diet
stress.
How does gout usually present?
Rapid onset of severe pain
redness
swelling
often in the big toe (MTP joint).
What is hyperuricaemia?
Elevated uric acid levels in the blood.
What are tophi?
Firm, white nodules formed by large crystal deposits, commonly in extensor joints like elbows or knees.
What complications are associated with gout?
Chronic arthritis
joint damage
renal stones
increased cardiovascular risk.
How is gout diagnosed?
Symptoms
serum urate levels
joint fluid analysis
imaging if needed.
What is the pathophysiology of gout?
MSU crystals trigger immune response through TLRs, leading to IL-1 release and neutrophil recruitment.
What dietary factors contribute to hyperuricaemia?
High intake of purine-rich foods and alcohol.
What are the common treatments for acute gout?
Analgesics
anti-inflammatory drugs
colchicine
corticosteroids.
What are prophylactic treatments for gout?
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors like allopurinol and uricosuric drugs.
What are non-pharmacological interventions for gout?
Low-purine diet
weight reduction
reduced alcohol intake
regular exercise.
What imaging tests can be used for gout diagnosis?
X-ray
ultrasound
dual-energy CT scans.
What should patients do during a gout attack?
Apply ice packs
rest
elevate the limb
consult a doctor if no improvement in 1-2 days.
