os II

Question 1

What do the 6 cell layers of the cerebral cortex do with incomming information?

Answer 1

Form meaningful spatiotemporal patterns, then send it to other areas

Question 2

What areas are the spatiotemporal patterns sent to?

Answer 2

limbic system, brain stem, spinal cord, cortical areas

Question 3

What input does stallate cells in the layer IV receive?

Answer 3

sensory info from the thalamus

Question 4

Pyramidal cells in the 5 layer do what?

Answer 4

project info to other regions of the CNS

Question 5

what generates excitatory and inhibitory patterns of neural activity in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 5

interneurons and their intricately formed circuts do.

Question 6

What are brodmanns areas of the cortex?

Answer 6

They are areas with histologically distinguishable cells, different from the areas around them.

Question 7

What are used as anatomical identification of functional areas of the cortex?

Answer 7

brodmanns areas.

Question 8

What does functional magnetic resonance imagind show?

Answer 8

visualize brain activity in response to stimulus

Question 9

in the fMRI what do the green, red and yellow represent.

Answer 9

Green - remembered visual, Red- rememberd audio, Yellow remembered both

Question 10

What do scanning hydrogen ions provide?

Answer 10

overall map of the brain, using magnetic gradients.

Question 11

what divides brain in MRI into slices?

Answer 11

magnetic gradients

Question 12

What do the pixels repersent??

Answer 12

concentrations of ubiquitous H+ ions

Question 13

What is BOLD?

Answer 13

blood oxygen level detection, used to measure neurally related blood flow.

Question 14

what happens to blood flow with increased neural activity?

Answer 14

increased oxygen demand and blood flow

Question 15

How does blood show oxygenation?

Answer 15

different matgnetic properties when blood is oxygenated (dimagnetic) and not oxygenated (paramagnetic) so it looks different in MRI

Question 16

So, what can MRI used specifically to detect brain activity?

Answer 16

Blood oxygenation level because it varies with brain activity

Question 17

where is thalamus and what does it look like?

Answer 17

pair of oval clusters of nuclei on each side of the third ventricle in the diencephalon.

Question 18

Where does thalamus project axons?

Answer 18

to ALL areas of cortex.

Question 19

Where does each nucleus in the thalamus project axons?

Answer 19

Nuelei project axons to cerebral cortex

Question 20

what info does thalamus send to cerebral cortex?

Answer 20

sensory, motor, or integrated neural information

Question 21

where does the VPL/VPM project information to?

Answer 21

Primary somatosensory cortex cortex