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biochemistry > Fate of amino acid carbon skeletons > Flashcards

Fate of amino acid carbon skeletons Flashcards

1
Q

what are glucogenic amino acids?

A

those that produce Krebs cycle intermediates or pyruvate

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2
Q

what are ketogenic amino acids?

A

produce Acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA

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3
Q

what are the two purely ketogenic amino acids?

A
  • Leucine

- Lycine

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4
Q

what are the 5 amino acids that are Keto and glucogenic?

A
  • tryptophan
  • phenylalanine
  • tyrosine
  • isoleucine
  • threonine
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5
Q

What 2 amino acids go in at oxaloacetate?

A

Glucogenic:

  • aspartate
  • asparagine
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6
Q

What 3 aa go indirectly into pyruvate?

A

Glugogenic:

  • tryptophan
  • threonine - glycine -
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7
Q

What three aa go into fumarate?

A

Glucogenic:

  • aspartate
  • tyrosine
  • phenylalanine
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8
Q

What 4 aa go into propionyl CoA that then goes into Succinyl CoA, Krebs?

A

Glucogenic:

  • valine
  • isoleucine
  • threonine
  • methinonine
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9
Q

what goes into A ketoglutatate?

A

Glucogenic: those all lead to glutamate

  • argining
  • histidine
  • blutamine
  • proline
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10
Q

What 4 amino acids lead to Acetyl CoA

A

Ketogenic:

  • threonine
  • lycine
  • isoleucine
  • tryptophan
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11
Q

what is the reaction to degrade branched chain amino acids?

A

oxidative decarboxylation

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12
Q

What degrades BCAA? enzyme

A

Specific aminotransferase
Branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase
- BCAA dehydrogenase

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13
Q

What are the cofactors for BCAA dehydrogenase

A
  • TPP
  • NADH
  • FADH
  • CoA
  • Lipoic acid
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14
Q

What results in a defective BCAA dehydrogenase?

A

Maple syrup urine disease.

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15
Q

Generic path to BCAA degredation

A

BCAA
a keto acid
Krebs cycle intermediate

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16
Q

What is the precursor for tyrosine?

A

phenylalanine - that’s why tyrosine isn’t essential

17
Q

what enzyme turns phenylalanine to tyrosine?

A

phenylalanine dehydroxylase

18
Q

what is the cofactor for phenyalanine dehydroxylase, the enzyme that turns phenyalanine to tyrosine?

A

tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)

19
Q

what is the inability to convert phenyalanine to tyrosine?

A

PKU - phenylketoneurea

20
Q

what are the poisonous byproducts of phanyalanine byproducts caused by PKU?

A

All three are phenylketones

  • phenylpyruvate
  • phenyllactate
  • phenylacetate
21
Q

What is classic PKU?

A

Phenylalanine hydroxylase defect, avoid phe to avoid mental redardation

22
Q

What is atypical PKU?

A

defect in tetrahydrobiopterin reductase - this means the recycling cofactor doesn’t work.

23
Q

what is tyrosine ultimately catabolized to?

A

-fumarate and acetoacetate.

biochemistry (13 decks)

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