Hormones, amino acid metabolism and nitrogen balance

Question 1

What happens to glucagon and insulin after a high carb meal?

Answer 1

Glucagon spikes slightly then drops dramatically

insulin spikes high and stays for a while

Question 2

What happens to glucagon and insulin after a high protein meal?

Answer 2

Glucagon raises into a hill/mountain, not a spike it stays up
Insulin raises but not as high, then it has a steady slope down

Question 3

What is a negative nitrogen balance?

Answer 3

Nitrogen excretion is more than consumption.

Negative means you are not using what you are eating

Question 4

What is positive nitrogen balance?

Answer 4

Nitrogen excretion is less than consumption.

Positive means you are using more than you are eating

Question 5

What states are those of negative nitrogen balance?

Answer 5

Hypercatabolic states, - increases fuel metabolism

- degrading of skeletal muscle protein

Question 6

what increases during hypercatabolic states?

Answer 6

Gluconeogenesis
synthesis of immune system components
urea synthesis

Question 7

Alanine is from transamination of what?

Answer 7

pyruvate

Question 8

Aspartate is from transamination of what?

Answer 8

oxoaloacetate

Question 9

Asparagine is from amidation of what?

Answer 9

aspartate

Question 10

reductive amination of a keto glutarate makes what?

Answer 10

glutamate

Question 11

glutamine is from the amidation of what?

Answer 11

glutamate….add an N

Question 12

proline is from what?

Answer 12

glutamate

Question 13

serine is from what

Answer 13

3 phosphoclycerate

Question 14

glycine is from what?

Answer 14

serine

Question 15

tyrosine is from what?

Answer 15

phenylalanine

Question 16

Where are the precursor for amino acid biosynthesis from?

Answer 16

Krebs, glycogenolysis

Question 17

what are the 7 essential amino acids?

Answer 17

phenyalanine
valine
tryptophan
histidine
arginine
leucine
lysine
methionine
isoleucine
threonine