Orthopedics/Rheumatology Flashcards
s/s of acute low back pain
-aching
-radiating
-worse with movement
-improvement with position change
diagnosis of acute low back pain
-typically order xray but mostly clinical
management of acute low back pain
-reassurance
-symptom control
indications for referral of acute low back pain
-neuro dysfunction
-unable to return to work after 4 weeks
chronic low back pain
> 12 weeks
s/s of chronic low back pain
-aching
-radiating
-worsened with movement
diagnosis of chronic low back pain
-xray
treatment of chronic low back pain
-pain management
etiology of bursitis
trauma
s/s of bursitis
-swelling of the area
-pain, tenderness, limited ROM
indications for aspiration of bursa
-inflamed and red and warm
-significant swelling
management of bursitis
-activity modification and NSAIDs
-cold compress
-compression bandages
treatment of septic bursitis
-mild: bactrim
-severe: IV vanc
etiology of tendonitis
repetitive overuse
s/s of tendonitis
-aching and soreness with activity
-pain with ADLs
-loss of ROM
-tenderness on palpation
treatment of tendonitis
-rest
-Ice and NSAIDs
-physical therapy
etiology of costochondritis
-trauma
-infection
s/s of costochondritis
-pain and tenderness
-pain when taking a deep breath or coughing
treatment of costochondritis
NSAIDs
rest
reassurance
fibromyalgia
widespread musculoskeletal pain with multiple tender points but no clear objective findings
s/s of fibromyalgia
-chronic fatigue and generalized aching pain
-worsens with exertion
-normal exam
-associated psych conditions
-at least 3 months
diagnosis of fibromyalgia
diagnosis of exclusion
treatment of fibromyalgia
-aerobic activity/Pt education/CBT
-amytriptyline
-cymbalta
-cyclobenzaprine
cause of ganglion cyst
fluid filled swelling over a joint or tendon sheath
s/s of ganglion cyst
-firm, smooth, and rubbery
-transilluminates
management of ganglion cyst
-observation
-aspiration
-surgical removal
etiology of gout
increased uric acid
s/s of gout
-pain and inflammation of joint
-redness and tenderness
-MC on great toe
dx of gout
negatively birefringent needle shaped crystals
pseudogout
Positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
tx of gout
-low purine diet
-NSAIDs
-Colchicine
etiology of osteoarthritis
-mechanical stress
s/s of osteoarthritis
pain, stiffness, enlargement, tenderness, limited range of motion, and deformity (<30 min, asymmetrical)
diagnosis of osteoarthritis
xray
treatment of osteoarthritis
-tylenol
-NSAIDs
-joint injection
-joint replacement
etiology of osteoporosis
-medications
-hormones
-old age
-malnutrition
s/s of osteoporosis
-pathologic fracture
-loss of vertebral height
-back pain
pathologic fractures
-compression fracture of vertebrae
-hip fracture
-distal radius fracture
dx of osteoporosis
T score <-2.5
normal T score
T>-1.0
tx of osteoporosis
-lifestyle modifications
-vitamin D
-bisphosphonates (-dronate)
overuse syndrome
injury caused by accumulated microtraumatic stress placed on a structure or body area
treatment of overuse syndrome
-reassurance
-NSAIDs
-rest
MCC of heel pain
plantar fasciitis
s/s of plantar fasciitis
-heel pain when walking
-most severe first thing in morning
-tenderness along plantar fascia
treatment of plantar fasciitis
-OTC orthotic heel pad
-home stretching program
-NSAIDs
s/s of reactive arthritis
-arthritis
-urethritis
-conjunctivitis
-uveitis
-mouth ulcers
diagnosis of reactive arthritis
HLA-B27 positive, negative synovial fluid culture
treatment of reactive arthritis
-NSAIDs
-anti-TNF
s/s of rheumatoid arthritis
-symmetrical swelling of multiple joints
-stiffness for first 30+ minutes in morning and after inactivity
-hand deformities
-rheumatoid nodules
diagnosis of RA
-anti-CCP and RF
treatment of RA
-methotrexate
sprain vs strain
-sprain: ligament
-strain: muscle
s/s of sprains/strains
-swelling
-tenderness
-pain
-bruising
grading of muscle strains
-1: few fibers torn, fascia intact
-2: moderate amount of fibers torn, fascia intact
-3: all or most of fibers torn, fascia intact
-4: tear of all fibers, fascia torn
grading of ligament sprains
-1: few fibers torn
-2: partial tear of ligament
-3: complete tear of ligament
treatment of strains and sprains
-RICE
-work on ROM after a couple days
s/s of SLE
-low grade fever
-joint pain
-butterfly rash
diagnosis of SLE
This is from UTD dont come for me…i feel like you’d see it
SLICC criteria: either that a patient satisfy at least 4 of 17 criteria, including at least 1 of the 11 clinical criteria and one of the six immunologic criteria, or that the patient has biopsy-proven nephritis compatible with SLE in the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) or anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies.
EULAR/ACR criteria: a patient can be classified as having SLE if they have a positive ANA ≥1:80 and score 10 or more points
-anti-smith
-ANA
-anti-dsDNA
treatment of lupus
-hydroxychloroquine
