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Family Med EOR > Gastrointestinal/Nutritional > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal/Nutritional Flashcards

1
Q

etiology of anal fissures

A

constipation

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2
Q

Where is the MC location of anal fissure

A

posterior midline

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3
Q

s/s of anal fissures

A

rectal bleeding and pain

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4
Q

When do anal fissures raise concern for pathologic etiology?

A

fissures oriented laterally

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5
Q

tx of anal fissures

A

proper toileting

topical nifedipine or nitroglycerin
topical analgesics
stool softener
sitz bath
fiber

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6
Q

etiology of appendicitis

A

fecalith

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7
Q

s/s of appendicitis

A

-periumbilical pain that localizes in the RLQ
-mcburneys point tenderness
-rosving sign
-psoas sign

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8
Q

diagnosis of appendicitis

A

CT

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9
Q

treatment of appendicitis

A

appendectomy

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10
Q

MC type of volvus

A

sigmoid

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11
Q

s/s of sigmoid volvus

A

-slow onset abdominal pain, nausea, abdominal distension, and constipation
-tenderness to palpation

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12
Q

dx of volvulus

A

-whirlwind sign of CT
-coffee bean/comma sign on Xray

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13
Q

treatment of volvulus

A

rigid sigmoidoscope

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14
Q

etiology of small bowel obstruction

A

surgical adhesions

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15
Q

s/s of small bowel obstruction

A

-n/v
-colicky abdominal pain
-abdominal distention
-hypoactive bowel sounds

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16
Q

diagnosis of SBO

A

-ladder appearance of Xray

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17
Q

treatment of SBO

A

-NG tube decompression

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18
Q

etiology of gallstones

A

cholesterol or alcohol

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19
Q

s/s of cholelithiasis

A

biliary colic

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20
Q

diagnosis of cholelithiasis

A

US

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21
Q

treatment of cholelithiasis

A

-none for asymptomatic
-if symptomatic, lap chole

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22
Q

etiology of cholecystitis

A

gallstones

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23
Q

s/s of cholecystitis

A

-RUQ pain
-murphy sign
-fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia

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24
Q

diagnosis of cholecystitis

A

-US
-HIDA if inconclusive

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25
Q

treatment of cholecystitis

A

-IV abx
low risk community acquired intra-abdominal infection:
single agent regimen: pip/taz
or
combo regimen with flagyl:
cefazolin or cefuroxime or ceftriaxone or cefotaxime or cipro or levo + flagyl
high risk community acquired:
single agent: imipenem/cilastatin
meropenem
doripenem
pip/taz
or
combo regimen with flagyl:
cefepime or ceftazidime + flagyl
-lap chole

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26
Q

etiologies of cirrhosis

A

alcohol and hepatitis C

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27
Q

s/s of cirrhosis

A

-fatigue
-abd pain
-hepatomegaly
-spider angiomas
-ascites
-jaundice

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28
Q

cirrhosis can lead to portal hypertension….how can that present… the gut, the butt, and the caput!

A

esophageal varices
anorectal hemorrhoids
caput medusae

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29
Q

dx of cirrhosis

A

US first
liver bx

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30
Q

treatment of cirrhosis

A

-liver transplant
-treat symptoms

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31
Q

MC type of polyp

A

adenomatous

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32
Q

diagnosis of colon polyps

A

colonoscopy

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33
Q

treatment of colon polyps

A

removal

34
Q

s/s of colon cancer

A

-asymptomatic
-change in bowel habits

35
Q

diagnosis of colon cancer

A

colonoscopy with biopsy

36
Q

treatment of colon cancer

A

-surgery
-chemo/radiation

37
Q

MC population for infection esophagitis

A

patients with HIV

38
Q

MC pathogen for esophagitis

A

candida

39
Q

s/s of esophagitis

A

-odynophagia
-dysphagia
-dyspepsia
-nausea
-postprandial worsening of symptoms

40
Q

diagnosis of esophagitis

A

endoscopy with biopsy

41
Q

etiologies of erosive gastritis

A

-meds
-alcohol
-stress

42
Q

s/s of erosive gastritis

A

-epigastric pain
-heartburn
-nausea
-vomiting

43
Q

diagnosis of erosive gastritis

A

egd

44
Q

treatment of erosive gastritis

A

-PPI
-discontinue NSAIDs

45
Q

etiology of nonerosive gastritis

A

-h.pylori

46
Q

treatment of Hpylori gastritis

A

omeprazole
amoxicillin
clarithromycin

47
Q

diagnosis of hpylori

A

urea breath test

48
Q

s/s of gastroenteritis

A

diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

49
Q

treatment of gastroenteritis

A

fluids and rest

50
Q

s/s of GERD

A

-heartburn
-regurgitation
-dysphagia

51
Q

treatment of GERD

A

-H2 blockers if mild
-PPI

52
Q

etiology of giardiasis

A

-fecal oral
-contaminated water

53
Q

s/s of giardiasis

A

-watery diarrhea
-dehydration

54
Q

diagnosis of giardiasis

A

-stool antigen assay
-stool PCR

55
Q

treatment of giardiasis

A

Tinidazole
Metronidazole

56
Q

etiology of hemorrhoids

A

increased pressure

57
Q

s/s of hemorrhoids

A

-rectal bleeding

58
Q

staging of hemorrhoids

A

I: confined to anal canal

II: protrude from anal canal, but reduce

III: require manual reduction after BM

IV: chronically protruding and risk strangulation

59
Q

treatment of hemorrhoids

A

-stage 1 and 2: proper toileting
-stage 3 and 4: banding or sclerotherapy

60
Q

s/s of hiatal hernia

A

GERD

61
Q

treatment of hiatal hernia

A

-lifestyle modifications
-surgery if severe

62
Q

s/s of chrons disease

A

-RLQ pain
-nonbloody diarrhea
-steatorrhea
-cobblestoning and skip lesions
-can affect any part but MC in terminal ileum

63
Q

MC location for chrons

A

terminal ileum

64
Q

diagnosis of chrons disease

A

colonoscopy with biopsy

65
Q

treatment of chrons disease

A

-steroids (enteric coated budesonide is 1st line to induce remission)
-immunomodulators and TNFa blockers

66
Q

MC area for ulcerative colitis

A

rectum and sigmoid colon

67
Q

s/s of ulcerative colitis

A

-bloody diarrhea
-crampy lower abdominal pain

68
Q

diagnosis of ulcerative colitis

A

sigmoidoscopy

69
Q

treatment of ulcerative colitis

A

-distal colon: topical mesalamine
-extends past sigmoid colon: oral mesalamine or steroids

70
Q

s/s of IBS

A

-change in bowel habits
-crampy lower abdominal pain
-bloating

71
Q

treatment of IBS

A

-lifestyle modifications
-antispasmodics

72
Q

etiology of acute pancreatitis

A

-gallstones
-alcohol

73
Q

s/s of acute pancreatitis

A

-epigastric pain that radiates to the back
-improves when leaning forward
-cullen and grey turner sign

74
Q

diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

A

-amylase and lipase

75
Q

treatment of pancreatitis

A

-fluids
-rest
-NPO
-demerol

76
Q

s/s of PUD

A

-gnawing epigastric pain
-relief with eating
-nocturnal pain

77
Q

diagnosis of PUD

A

endoscopy

78
Q

treatment of PUD

A

omeprazole

79
Q

s/s of viral hepatitis

A

-fatigue
-distaste for smoking
-RUQ pain
-fever
-n/v
-jaundice

80
Q

treatment of Hep A, B, and D

A

supportive

81
Q

treatment of Hep C

A

harvoni
interferon

82
Q

treatment of Hep E

A

ribavirin

Family Med EOR (14 decks)

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