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Family Med EOR > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

types of lesions involved in alzheimers

A

-amyloid plaques
-neurofibrillary tangles

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2
Q

s/s of alzheimers

A

-difficulty learning and recalling information
-visuospatial problems
-language impairment
-behavior changes

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3
Q

diagnosis of alzheimers

A

clinical
-cerebral atrophy on imaging

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4
Q

treatment of alzheimers disease

A

donepezil
rivastigmine
memantine

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5
Q

s/s of bells palsy

A

acute onset facial weakness
loss of taste
hyperacusis

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6
Q

bells palsy vs stroke

A

bells palsy: forehead does NOT wrinkle with raising eyebrows
stroke: forehead DOES wrinkle with raising eyebrows

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7
Q

diagnosis of bells palsy

A

clinical

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8
Q

treatment of bells palsy

A

-prednisone
-valacyclovir

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9
Q

types of stroke

A

-ischemic: thrombotic or embolic (MC d/t afib)
-hemorrhagic: intracerebral or subarachnoid

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10
Q

etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage

A

prolonged uncontrolled hypertension

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11
Q

s/sx of stroke

A

-facial drooping
-hemiparesis
-vision loss
-aphasia
-ataxia
-HA
-LOC

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12
Q

most important piece of info for stroke

A

last known normal

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13
Q

stroke workup

A

CT w/o contrast

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14
Q

treatment of ischemic stroke

A

-determine tpa eligibility
-bp less than 185/110 before tpa can be administered
-if not eligible for tpa, cant treat until bp is 220/120

IV nicardipine, IV clevidipine, IV labetalol

DO NOT LOWER MORE THAN 15% in 24HRS

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15
Q

treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage

A

SBP 150-220: reduce SBP to 130-140

If >220, not enough evidence to provide specific recommendations

Elkins slides

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16
Q

treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

reduce bp to 160

labetalol, nicardipine, or enalapril

Prevent vasospams w/ Nimodipine PO or NG for 3 weeks

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17
Q

TIA

A

stroke like symptoms that resolve in 1-2 hours

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18
Q

workup and treatment of TIA

A

same as stroke

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19
Q

s/s of vascular dementia

A

white matter lesions on MRI

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20
Q

management of vascular dementia

A

same as alzheimers

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21
Q

s/s of dementia with lewey bodies

A

-fluctuating cognitive impairment
-tremors
-bradykinesia
-gait changes
-visual hallucinations

22
Q

diagnosis of dementia with lewy bodies

A

autopsy

23
Q

treatment of dementia with lewy bodies

A

same as alzheimers

24
Q

s/s of delirium

A

-acute onset
-attention deficits
-cognitive impairment

usually only lasts hours to weeks

25
Q

treatment of delirium

A

treat underlying cause

26
Q

s/s of essential tremor

A

-bilateral
-both postural and kinetic
-resolves with rest
-exacerbated by stress
-improves with alcohol

27
Q

management of essential tremor

A

propranolol and primidone

28
Q

s/s of migraine

A

-prodrome: euphoria, hunger, yawning
-aura: scotoma, flashing lights, sounds
-unilateral throbbing HA
-photophobia and phonophobia

29
Q

treatment of migraine

A

-triptan
-preventative therapy (topamax or BB or antidepressant)

30
Q

s/s of tension headache

A

-band like, non-pulsating, bandlike pain across forehead
-tenderness to back of neck musculature
-usually caused by stress
MC type of HA

31
Q

treatment of tension HA

A

NSAIDs or tylenol

32
Q

s/s of cluster HA

A

-Sudden onset, brief, unilateral repetitive headaches localized behind one eye
-ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, rhinnorhea (autonomic symptoms)

33
Q

treatment of cluster HA

A

-100% O2 with a nonrebreather
-sumatriptan

34
Q

s/s of parkinsons

caused by dopamine depletion in basal ganglia

A

-resting pill rolling tremor
-rigidity
-bradykinesia
-shuffle gait
-cogwheeling of extremeties

35
Q

treatment of parkinsons

A

carbidopa/levadopa

36
Q

focal seizure with retained awareness

A

no LOC or memory loss

37
Q

focal seizure with impaired awareness

A

altered consciousness

38
Q

which type of generalized seizure is not associated with LOC

A

myoclonic

39
Q

absence seizure

A

-spacing out

40
Q

myoclonic seizure

A

sudden, irregular jerks or twitches

41
Q

atonic seizures

A

drop attacks

42
Q

tonic seizures

A

-muscles tighten and stiffen

43
Q

clonic seizures

A

-rhythmic jerking

44
Q

tonic clonic seizures

A

-both tonic and clonic
-bowel or bladder incontinence

45
Q

diagnosis of seizures

A

EEG

46
Q

treatment of seizures

focal:
generalized:
generalized pregnant:
absense:

A

-absense: ethosuximide
-focal: lamictal
-generalized: depakote (valproate)
-generalized pregnant: keppra

47
Q

status epilepticus

A

seizure lasting more than 5-10 minutes or several seizures occurring in a 30 minute timeframe

48
Q

treatment of status epilepticus

A

IV lorazepam

49
Q

etiology of BPPV

A

-calcium deposit in semicircular canal

50
Q

s/s of BPPV

A

-recurrent brief episodes of vertigo
-occurs after change in head position

51
Q

diagnosis of bppv

A

Dix-Hallpike maneuver

52
Q

treatment of BPPV

A

-reposition otolith with epley maneuver

Family Med EOR (14 decks)

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