Dermatology Flashcards
acanthosis nigricans
darkening of the skin caused by elevated glucose
treatment of acanthosis nigricans
glucose control and weight loss
Etiology of acne vulgaris
-sebum
-bacteria
-inflammation
categories of acne
-mild: <20 comedones, <15 pustules
-moderate: 20-100 comedones, 15-50 pustules
-severe: >100 comedones, >50 pustules, any cysts/nodules
treatment of mild acne
-BPO
-tretinoin
-topical antibiotics
treatment of moderate acne
-BPO
-tretinoin
-doxycycline
treatment of severe acne
-same as moderate
-can try accutane
actinic keratosis
precancerous lesion on sun exposed area of skin
s/s of AK
flat, scaly, rough lesions
treatment of AK
cryo
5fu
etiology of androgenic alopecia
genetic
s/s of androgenic alopecia
-gradual thinning
diagnosis of androgenic alopecia
-clinical
-biopsy
etiology of alopecia areata
autoimmune
treatment of androgenic alopecia
topical rogaine
men: finasteride
s/s of alopecia areata
-patchy hair loss
-black dots (exclamation hairs)
diagnosis of alopecia areata
bx
treatment of alopecia areata
midoxinil + topical steroid
s/s of basal cell carcinoma
pink/red pearly nodule with visible vessels
ulcerating BCC
like nodular but with central ulcer
sclerosing BCC
plaque, scar like lesion
diagnosis of BCC
biopsy
treatment of BCC
mohs
etiology of bullous pemphigoid
autoimmune disorder
s/s of bullous pemphigoid
-large, tense, firm topped lesions
-painful erosions after rupture
-negative nikolsky
diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid
perilesional biopsy
treatment of bullous pemphigoid
prednisone
cellulitis vs erysipelas
-cellulitis doesn’t have distinct borders and erysipelas does
Treatment of Cellulitis & Erysipelas
-MRSA risk: bactrim, clinda, or doxy
-no MRSA risk: keflex
-bite: augmentin
etiology of condyloma
HPV 6 and 11
s/s of condyloma
-flat topped papules
-cauliflower lesions
-flesh colored
diagnosis of condyloma
-typically clinical
-pap smear
treatment of condyloma
-imiquimod
-cryo
-surgical removal
-may resolve on own
etiology of eczema
IgE mediated
s/s of eczema
-red, scaly, plaques or papules
-itchy
diagnosis of eczema
clinical
treatment of eczema
-low strength steroid
-moisturizer
-antihistamines
etiology of seb derm
yeast
s/s of seb derm
-greasy, yellow scales
-erythematous base
diagnosis of seb derm
clinical
treatment of seb derm
-ketoconazole shampoo
-topical steroids
s/s of fixed drug eruption
-erythematous plaque or patch that recurs in the same site if reexposure occurs
treatment of drug eruption
-d/c drug
-topical steroid
-topical abx if eroded
s/s of dyshydrotic eczema
-tapioca like vesicles
-on fingers
treatment of dyshydrotic eczema
topical steroids
-Betamethasone dipropionate, augmented
-Clobetasol
etiology of erythema multiforme
infections and drugs
s/s of erythema multiforme
-erythematous, papular lesion
-tense, firm topped
-contain serous or hemorrhagic fluid
-positive nikolsky sign
MCC: HSV
tx of EM
topical steroids
recurrent: daily
prophylactic antiviral
s/s of measles (rubeola)
-URI sx
-koplik spots
-rash starts on face and trunk and spreads to limbs
-then fades in the same pattern in 6 days
s/s of rubella
Maculopapular rash that starts on the head and travels down the body after if fades from face
etiology of erythema infectiosum/ fifth disease/ or slapped cheek
Parvovirus B19
s/s of erythema infectiosum
-slapped cheek rash
-then spreads distally
etiology of roseola infantum
HHV 6/7
s/s of roseola infantum
-abrupt onset of high fever
-fever drops and rash appears
s/s of folliculitis
infection of the hair follicle with pus in the ostium of the follicle
tx of folliculitis
-mild: BPO wash
-moderate: topical abx (clinda gel)
-severe: oral abx (oxacillin, dicloxacillin, cefuroxime)
Cipro for “hot tub” folliciulitis
GOT CLINDA FROM UTD
s/s of Hidradentitis Suppurative
-open comedones
-nodules with sinus tracts
-abscesses
-scarring
management of HS
ORAL CLINDA/DOXY AND RIFAMPIN ACCORDING TO UTD
-intralesional steroids (triamcinolone)
-i&d
-biologics
s/s of impetigo
-honey colored crust
treatment of impetigo
Limited: mupirocin
Extended: keflex
kaposi sarcoma
-cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs
-frequently seen with AIDS
tx of kaposi sarcoma
HAART
tx of lice
permethrin
s/s of lichen Planus
-flat topped Papules, Pruritic, Purple, Polygonal
-whickham striae
Say the Ps really DRAMATIC and it sticks!!!!
dx of lichen planus
biopsy
tx of lichen planus
topical steroids
lichen simplex chronicus
lichenified plaques from excessive rubbing and scratching
tx of lichen simplex chronicus
stop itch scratch cycle with antihistamines or topical steroids
tx of epidermal inclusion cyst
if inflamed or infected, I&D
surgical excision
s/s of epidermal cyst
raised nodule with central punctum
s/s of melanoma
-asymmetry (not round or oval)
-irregular border
-uneven color
-diameter >6 mm
-elevation/change from flat
dx of melanoma
bx
tx of melanoma
surgical excision
melasma
hyperpigmentation on the face in sun exposed areas
tx of melasma
tri-luma
s/s of molluscum
small, smooth, umbilicated papules
tx of molluscum
-typically heal on their own
-cryo
-salicyclic acid
nummular eczema
coin shaped scaly plaques
tx of nummular eczema
same as atopic
onychomycosos
fungal infection of the nail
dx of onychomycosis
-clipping or scraping
-bx of KOH
tx of onychomycosis
-topical antifungal for a year
-terbinafine for 6-12 weeks
paronychia
inflammation of the nail fold with abscess formation
treatment of paronychia
-I&D/warm soaks
-oral abx when cellulitis (DM/PVD) Augmentin, clinda, keflex
pilonidal cyst
cyst above gluteal cleft
treatment of pilonidal cyst
I&D of the abscess followed by sterile packing
s/s of pityriasis rosea
-single herald patch
-then generalized rash in christmas tree pattern
-remits in 6 weeks
treatment of pityriasis rosea
self remitting
s/s of psoriasis
erythematous plaque with white scales
dx of psoriasis
clinical bx
tx of psoriasis
topical steroids
calcitriol
biologics
s/s of rosacea
-erythema
-papules
-telangiectasias
-sensitivity
tx of rosacea
-lifestyle changes
-metronidazole
-azelaic acid
s/s of scabies
-night itching
-black speck
-burrow
dx of scabies
-scabies prep
-jetliner with its trail on dermoscopy
tx of scabies
Permethrin
s/s of seborrheic keratosis
-stuck on
-dark, rough lesions
tx of seborrheic keratosis
-only removed for cosmetic reasons
-cryo
s/s of black widow bite
-htn
-tachycardia
-palpitations
-SOB
-excessive salivation
-n/v
-fang marks and halo around lesion
s/s of brown recluse bite
-pain
-swelling
-bullae
-necrosis
-hemolysis
tx of spider bites
-wound irrigation
-cold compress
-symptomatic treatment
-tetanus
-antivenom
etiology of SJS/TEN
drugs
s/s of SJS/TEN
-epidermal detachment
-positive nikolsky sign
SJS vs TEN percentages
SJS <10%
TEN >30%
tx of SJS/TEN
-fluids
-pain meds
-wound care
-steroids and IVIG
tinea captis
-grey, scaly patches on scalp
-black dot
diagnosis of tinea capitis
KOH prep
woods lamp
tx of tinea capitis
-terbinafine for adults
-griseofulvin for kids
tinea cruris
large scales with central clearing of the groin
tx of tinea cruris
topical antifungal
tinea corporis
ringworm
tx of tinea corporis
topical antifungal
tinea pedis
erythema, scaling, and maceration of the foot
treatment of tinea pedis
topical antifungal
tinea versicolor
overgrowth of malassezia furfur
s/s of tinea versicolor
-itching
-hyperpigmented and erythematous
dx of tinea versicolor
KOH shows budding yeast and hyphae
tx of tinea versicolor
topical antifungals
tx if molluscum contagiosum
-SA
-cryo
-cantharadin
s/s of vitiligo
loss of pigmentation with sharp margins
tx of vitiligo
none
