ENOT/Opthamology Flashcards
etiology of acute sinusitis
viral URI precursor
s/s of acute sinusitis
-sinus pressure
-congestion
-purulent nasal discharge
-haltosis
diagnosis of acute sinusitis
-s/s lasting more than 10 days
-high fever and purulent discharge or facial pain
-s/s improve and then worsen
treatment of acute sinusitis
augmentin
UTD says that if uncomplicated you can use amox
s/s of chronic sinusitis
literally how long does it have to last to be considered chronic
-symptoms for 12 weeks
diagnosis of chronic sinusitis
CT
treatment for chronic sinusitis
-augmentin for 3-4 weeks
-sinus surgery
s/s of allergic rhinitis
-rhinorrhea
-sneezing
-cough
-shiners
-boggy and cobblestoning
treatment of allergic rhinitis
intranasal steroids and antihistamines
etiology of aphthous ulcer
stress is MC
(canker sore)
s/s of aphthous ulcer
small, painful ulcer with yellow/grey center and red halos
treatment for aphthous ulcers
none
anterior vs posterior blepharitis
-anterior: eyelid, eyelashes
-posterior: meibomian glands
s/s of blepharitis
-anterior: red rimmed eyes and scales seen in lashes
-posterior: inflamed glands, frothy/greasy tears
treatment of blepharitis
-warm compress
-gland expression
-antibiotic ointment
cholesteatoma
abnormal growth of squamous epithelium in middle ear and mastoid
s/s of cholesteatoma
-white mass behind TM
-hearing loss
-ottorhea
treatment for cholesteatoma
surgery
s/s of bacterial conjunctivitis
-purulent discharge
-conjunctival injection
treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis
polytrim
s/s of viral conjunctivitis
-clear discharge
-foreign body sensation
-preauricular adenopathy
treatment of viral conjunctivitis
supportive
s/s of allergic conjunctivitis
-stringy discharge
-cobblestoning
-itching
treatment of allergic conjuncivitis
-topical antihistamines
s/s of corneal abrasion
-discomfort
-tearing
-ciliary flush
diagnosis of corneal abrasion
fluorescein staining
tx of corneal abrasion
-polytrim drops
-NSAID eyedrops
s/s of corneal ulcer
-ciliary flush
-hypopyon
tx of corneal ulcer
abx drops
refer to opthalmology
dacryocystitis
infection of the lacrimal sac/duct
s/s of dacryocystitis
pain and swelling of the tear duct
treatment of dacryocystitis
-augmentin
entropion
inward turning of the lower eyelid
treatment for entropion
-surgery
-botox
ectropion
outward turning of the lower eyelid
treatment of ectropion
surgery
anterior vs posterior epistaxis
posterior source cannot be visualized
ant: Kiesselbachs
post: posterolateral branches of sphenopalatine artery
treatment of epistaxis
-pressure and lean forward
-decongestant
-vasoconstrictor
-cautery
-packing
s/s of acute glaucoma
-halos
-HA
-severe eye pain
-nausea
-vision loss
-red steamy cornea
diagnosis of acute glaucoma
IOP >21 (rosh review)
gonioscopy (gold standard UTD)
treatment of acute glaucoma
-acetazolamine
-pilocarpine
-laser iridotomy
s/s of chronic glaucoma (open angle)
progressive peripheal vision loss
treatment of chronic glaucoma
-prostaglandins
-topical beta blockers
s/s of hordeolum
-stye
treatment of hordeolum
warm compress
s/s of hyphema
-pain
-photophobia
-blurred vision
-hemorrhage in the anterior chamber
treatment of hyphema
-supine position with head elevated
-hard eye shield
-no NSAIDs or aspirin
etiology of labyrinthitis
-viral or post inflammatory response
s/s of labyrinthitis
-vertigo
-unilateral hearing impairment or tinnitus
-sway toward affected side
-nystagmus away from affected side
treatment of labyrinthitis
steroids
methylprednisolone or prednisone
s/s of laryngitis
Hoarseness
treatment of laryngitis
-vocal rest
-hydration
s/s of macular degeneration
-central vision loss
-wet: new vessels
-dry: retinal drusen
treatment of macular degeneration
wet: antiVEGF
etiology of meniere’s disease
excess fluid in the inner ear
s/s of meniere’s diease
-episodic vertigo
-unilateral hearing impairment
-tinnitus
diagnosis of meniere’s disease
clinical
treatment of meniere’s disease
-lifestyle modifications
-diuretics
s/s of otitis externa
-hearing loss
-itching
-pain with palpation of tragus and auricle
-swelling and redness
treatment of otitis externa
-ciprodex drops
s/s of otitis media
-pain
-redness
-bulging TM
MCC of otitis media
S. pneumo
treatment of otitis media
amoxicillin
s/s of parotitis
-swelling of parotid gland
-pain
-pus from stensens duct
treatment of parotitis
-IV nafcillin or 1st gen cephalosporin AND flagyl or clinda
s/s of peritonsillar abscess
-hot potato voice
-sore throat
-drooling
-odynophagia
-neck swelling and pain
-contralateral deviation of uvula
diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess
CT with IV contrast
treatment of peritonsillar abscess
-needle aspiration
-IV antibiotics then switch to PO
PCN VK PLUS flagyl for 10 days
PCN allergy-clinda + flagyl
Toxic pts: IV Pip/taz
s/s of strep pharyngitis
-sore throat
-tonsillar exudate
-odynophagia
-strawberry tongue
diagnosis of strep pharyngitis
rapid strep
treatment of strep pharyngitis
amoxicillin
pterygium
fleshy encroachment that cover the cornia on the nasal side
treatment of pterygium
-artificial tears
-NSAIDs
s/s of retinal detachment
-curtain or veil
-monocular vision loss
-eye pain
treatment for retinal detachment
surgery
s/s of central retinal vein occlusion
-sudden, painless monocular vision loss
-blood and thunder fundus
-first noticed upon awakening
treatment of CRVO
anti-VEGF
s/s of sialadenitis
-erythema over area
-purulent material at duct
diagnosis of sialadenitis
CT
treatment for sialadenitis
-hydration, warm compress
-IV abx same as parotitis
-antistaphylococcal antibiotics such as dicloxacillin 500 mg four times a day or cephalexin 500 mg four times a day should be administered for 7 to 10 days
treatment of TM rupture
-amoxicillin
-earplugs when in water
