ENOT/Opthamology Flashcards by Viviana Castaneda

etiology of acute sinusitis

viral URI precursor

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s/s of acute sinusitis

-sinus pressure
-congestion
-purulent nasal discharge
-haltosis

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diagnosis of acute sinusitis

-s/s lasting more than 10 days
-high fever and purulent discharge or facial pain
-s/s improve and then worsen

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treatment of acute sinusitis

augmentin

UTD says that if uncomplicated you can use amox

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s/s of chronic sinusitis

literally how long does it have to last to be considered chronic

-symptoms for 12 weeks

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diagnosis of chronic sinusitis

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treatment for chronic sinusitis

-augmentin for 3-4 weeks
-sinus surgery

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s/s of allergic rhinitis

-rhinorrhea
-sneezing
-cough
-shiners
-boggy and cobblestoning

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treatment of allergic rhinitis

intranasal steroids and antihistamines

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etiology of aphthous ulcer

stress is MC

(canker sore)

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s/s of aphthous ulcer

small, painful ulcer with yellow/grey center and red halos

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treatment for aphthous ulcers

none

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anterior vs posterior blepharitis

-anterior: eyelid, eyelashes
-posterior: meibomian glands

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s/s of blepharitis

-anterior: red rimmed eyes and scales seen in lashes
-posterior: inflamed glands, frothy/greasy tears

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treatment of blepharitis

-warm compress
-gland expression
-antibiotic ointment

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cholesteatoma

abnormal growth of squamous epithelium in middle ear and mastoid

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s/s of cholesteatoma

-white mass behind TM
-hearing loss
-ottorhea

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treatment for cholesteatoma

surgery

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s/s of bacterial conjunctivitis

-purulent discharge
-conjunctival injection

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treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

polytrim

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s/s of viral conjunctivitis

-clear discharge
-foreign body sensation
-preauricular adenopathy

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treatment of viral conjunctivitis

supportive

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s/s of allergic conjunctivitis

-stringy discharge
-cobblestoning
-itching

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treatment of allergic conjuncivitis

-topical antihistamines

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s/s of corneal abrasion

-discomfort -tearing -ciliary flush

diagnosis of corneal abrasion

fluorescein staining

tx of corneal abrasion

-polytrim drops -NSAID eyedrops

s/s of corneal ulcer

-ciliary flush -hypopyon

tx of corneal ulcer

abx drops refer to opthalmology

dacryocystitis

infection of the lacrimal sac/duct

s/s of dacryocystitis

pain and swelling of the tear duct

treatment of dacryocystitis

-augmentin

entropion

inward turning of the lower eyelid

treatment for entropion

-surgery -botox

ectropion

outward turning of the lower eyelid

treatment of ectropion

surgery

anterior vs posterior epistaxis

posterior source cannot be visualized | ant: Kiesselbachs post: posterolateral branches of sphenopalatine artery

treatment of epistaxis

-pressure and lean forward -decongestant -vasoconstrictor -cautery -packing

s/s of acute glaucoma

-halos -HA -severe eye pain -nausea -vision loss -red steamy cornea

diagnosis of acute glaucoma

IOP >21 (rosh review) gonioscopy (gold standard UTD)

treatment of acute glaucoma

-acetazolamine -pilocarpine -laser iridotomy

s/s of chronic glaucoma (open angle)

progressive peripheal vision loss

treatment of chronic glaucoma

-prostaglandins -topical beta blockers

s/s of hordeolum

-stye

treatment of hordeolum

warm compress

s/s of hyphema

-pain -photophobia -blurred vision -hemorrhage in the anterior chamber

treatment of hyphema

-supine position with head elevated -hard eye shield -no NSAIDs or aspirin

etiology of labyrinthitis

-viral or post inflammatory response

s/s of labyrinthitis

-vertigo -unilateral hearing impairment or tinnitus -**sway toward** affected side -**nystagmus away** from affected side

treatment of labyrinthitis

steroids methylprednisolone or prednisone

s/s of laryngitis

Hoarseness

treatment of laryngitis

-vocal rest -hydration

s/s of macular degeneration

-central vision loss -wet: new vessels -dry: retinal drusen

treatment of macular degeneration

wet: antiVEGF

etiology of meniere's disease

excess fluid in the inner ear

s/s of meniere's diease

-episodic vertigo -unilateral hearing impairment -tinnitus

diagnosis of meniere's disease

clinical

treatment of meniere's disease

-lifestyle modifications -diuretics

s/s of otitis externa

-hearing loss -itching -pain with palpation of tragus and auricle -swelling and redness

treatment of otitis externa

-ciprodex drops

s/s of otitis media

-pain -redness -bulging TM

MCC of otitis media

S. pneumo

treatment of otitis media

amoxicillin

s/s of parotitis

-swelling of parotid gland -pain -pus from stensens duct

treatment of parotitis

-IV nafcillin or 1st gen cephalosporin AND flagyl or clinda

s/s of peritonsillar abscess

-**hot potato voice** -sore throat -**drooling** -odynophagia -neck swelling and pain -**contralateral deviation of uvula**

diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess

CT with IV contrast

treatment of peritonsillar abscess

-needle aspiration -IV antibiotics then switch to PO PCN VK PLUS flagyl for 10 days PCN allergy-clinda + flagyl Toxic pts: IV Pip/taz

s/s of strep pharyngitis

-sore throat -tonsillar exudate -odynophagia -strawberry tongue

diagnosis of strep pharyngitis

rapid strep

treatment of strep pharyngitis

amoxicillin

pterygium

fleshy encroachment that cover the cornia on the nasal side

treatment of pterygium

-artificial tears -NSAIDs

s/s of retinal detachment

-curtain or veil -monocular vision loss -eye pain

treatment for retinal detachment

surgery

s/s of central retinal vein occlusion

-sudden, painless monocular vision loss -**blood and thunder fundus** -first noticed upon awakening

treatment of CRVO

anti-VEGF

s/s of sialadenitis

-erythema over area -purulent material at duct

diagnosis of sialadenitis

treatment for sialadenitis

-hydration, warm compress -IV abx same as parotitis -antistaphylococcal antibiotics such as **dicloxacillin 500 mg** four times a day or **cephalexin 500** mg four times a day should be administered for 7 to 10 days

treatment of TM rupture

-amoxicillin -earplugs when in water