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Conditions In OT > Orthopedics > Flashcards

Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

Fractures two critical factors involved

A
  1. Amount of force applied to bone (MVA vs stress fractures)
  2. Strength of bone- normal or weakened from pathologic conditions
    Tumors, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis
    Age and size of bones
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2
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

Bone weakened by conditions such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis that can’t sustain normals forms and therefore fractures during daily activities

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3
Q

Leading cause of non fatal injuries and fractures in older adults

A

Falls

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4
Q

Types of fractures

A 
Closed
Open 
Comminuted 
Displaced 
Greenstick
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5
Q

Closed

A

Fracture has not broken through the skin

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6
Q

Open (compound)

A

Bone breaks skin surface, increased chance of infection

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7
Q

Comminuted

A

Fractures with 2+ fragments

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8
Q

Displaced

A

Segments that have become separated or shifted from the bone

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9
Q

Greenstick

A

Children (soft, still growing)

Bone breaks on one side and bends on the other (think twig)

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10
Q

Types of fracture lines

A 
Complete
Incomplete
Transverse 
Oblique 
Spiral
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11
Q

Complete

A

Break in full continuity of the bone

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12
Q

Incomplete (hairline)

A

Involves partial disruption in continuity of bone

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13
Q

Transverse

A

Occurs when fracture line is at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the bone

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14
Q

Oblique

A

involves fracture line that is diagonal or slanted

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15
Q

Spiral

A

Torsional stress causing twisting fracture line

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16
Q

Colle’s fracture

A

Dorsal displacement, dorsal comminuting, radius shortening, dinner fork deformity, resembles upside down fork

17
Q

Smith’s fracture

A

Reverse colle’s, deformity replaces tower the volar or palmar of wrist

18
Q

Hip fractures

A

Proximal femur, unable to bear weight, intracapsular (femoral neck) or extracapsular (trochanters)
Surgical management

19
Q

Humeral fractures

A 
Supracondylar fractures (distal end of humerus)
Volkmann’s deformity, severe damage to tissues and muscles
20
Q

Volkmann’s deformity

A

Caused by increased pressure, ischemia, bleeding, tight bandages

21
Q

Abnormal healing factors

A

Open fractures, soft tissue damage,nerve damage, infections,
Result in deflated union (more time to heal)

22
Q

Malunion

A

Fracture heals in abnormal position,

Factors include muscle imbalance, inadequate positioning or protection

23
Q

Nounion

A

Bone is not healing, deficits in ROM, strength and coordination
Factors- vascular/tissue damage, poor alignment, stress to fracture site, infection, scaphoid @ high risk

24
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease, non-inflammatory joint disease resulting in deterioration of articular cartilage and formation of new bones (osteophytes) on joint surface

25
Q

Signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis

A 
Joint pain, inflammation, stiffness, tenderness, limited ROM, crepitus (crunching or pooping sound in the joint)
Gradual 
Arthritis (joint inflammation)
26
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Low bone density and deterioration of bone, (less estrogen risk factor), post-menopausal women, may fracture bone through normal movement,

27
Q

Signs and symptoms of osteoporosis

A

Gradual, few symptoms -> advanced symptoms

Clinical signs- skeletal fractures, recurring pathologic fractures

28
Q

Osteopenia

A

Reversible weakening of bone,

Balance diet, supplements, WBE, bone density screenings to decrease risk of progression into osteoporosis

29
Q

Signs and symptoms of osteopenia

A

Predecessor to osteoporosis with no signs, diagnosed through bone density scans

30
Q

Heterotopic ossification

A

Orthopedic condition- bone formation in soft tissue
Unclear exact cause
Associated with traumatic injuries (burns, SCI, TBI)
Creates response and fibroblasts start forming bone near joints- stiffness, and loss of movement

31
Q

Signs and symptoms of heterotrophic ossification

A

Pain, joint warmth, swelling, decreased ROM, palpable mass

32
Q

Impact on OT

A

ADL’s, IADL’s , sleep, education , work, play, leisure, social

Equipment

Important to continually assess and address persons values and beliefs during healing process

Conditions In OT (11 decks)

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