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Conditions In OT > Cardiopulmonary Disorders > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Arrhythmias

A

Any changes from the normal sequence of electrical impulses in the heart causing heart to beat slow, quick, or irregular

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2
Q

Bradycardia

A

BPM less than 60

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3
Q

Tachycardia

A

BPM above 100

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4
Q

Atrial Fibrillation AF

A

Irregular rapid heart rate that can lead to poor blood flow to the body, upper chambers quiver and beat irregularly, resulting in no blood moving towards the ventricles

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5
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

Headaches, dizzy spells, nosebleeds (seen in early stages)

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6
Q

Hypo tension

A

Low BP, Top number 90 or below, bottom number 60 or below

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7
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low blood oxygen, lower than normal oxygen in the blood

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8
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Plaque and fatty build up that hardens and causes stenosis which causes reduced rate of blood flow to the heart

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9
Q

Angioplasty

A

Procedure which a catheter with a deflated balloon inserts into the blocked artery, once in place it is inflated compressing plaque to the sides of the artery opening up the artery and improving blood flow into heart, stent is then put into place

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10
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft

A

Arteries or veins from other parts of the body, often the legs, are removed and attached to bypass the blocked artery in the heart

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11
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Chronic, non curable condition where the heart does not beat strongly enough to maintain adequate blood throughout body causing organs to become oxygen deprived leading to fluid retention throughout the body

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12
Q

Dyspnea

A

Sensation of having impaired breathing, shortened of breath due to exertion, laying down

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13
Q

Emphysema

A

Walls between air sacs are damaged causing air sacs to lose their shape

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14
Q

Bronchitis

A

Causes lining of airways to become irritated and inflames causing the lining to thicken, the build of mucus causes breathing to be hard

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15
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish color to skin, decreased oxygen levels

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16
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack, occurs when blood flow that brings oxygen to the heart muscle is severely reduced or completely occluded causing heart muscle to be without oxygen

17
Q

Systolic

A

Top number, measures the pressure in the arteries when heart muscle contracts

18
Q

Diastolic

A

Bottom number, measures pressure in arteries when heart muscle is resting between beats and is filling with blood

19
Q

Coronary heart disorder

A

Develops when coronary arteries, blood vessels that supply the heart with blood, oxygen, and nutrients becomes damaged

20
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

Reflects to a group of lung diseases characterized by air flow obstruction that interferes with normal breathing

21
Q

Pulse rate

A

BPM, healthy: 60-100

22
Q

Respiratory rate

A

Adults: 15-20

23
Q

Blood pressure

A

Adults should be less than 120/90 mm Hg

24
Q

Oxygen Saturation

A

95-100 is normal, under 90 is low

25
Q

Heart disease

A

Prevalent and leading cause of death in men and women

26
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) cause, signs/symptoms, course/prognosis, and medical treatments

A

Cause: Plaque and fatty build up in arteries, hoarders and causes stenosis reducing blood flow to the heart
Signs/symptoms: May not cause any to begin with, chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, complete blockage: heart attack
Course/prognosis: Progresses and worsens over time, weakens heart muscle which may lead to heart failure, arrhythmias
Medical treatments: Lifestyle changes, aspirin (blood thinner), beta blockers, nitroglycerin, angioplasty, coronary artery bypass
(Can’t lift more than 5-10 lbs after surgeries)

27
Q

Congestive heart failure cause, signs/symptoms, course/prognosis, medical treatment

A

Cause: Narrowed arteries/ chronic high BP –> heart muscles become weak/stiff (CAD IS MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHF)
Signs/symptoms: Dyspnea (labored breathing), fatigue, chest pain, arrhythmias, coughing, weigh gain (fluid retention), edema (LE), nausea, decreased alertness
Course prognosis: Lifelong management, progressive, overall endurance declines, 1/2 of people diagnosed die within 5 years
Medical treatment: Improves quality of life, lifestyle changes, pace maker, CABG surgery

28
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes, signs/symptoms, courage/prognosis, medical management

3rd leading cause of death

A

Causes: cigarette smoking, pollution, chemical fumes, and dust
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are common conditions with it

Lungs lose elasticity like a deflated balloon and leads to decreased air flow
Signs/symptoms: chronic cough, increased mucus production, chest tightness, respiratory infections, fatigue
SEVERE causes: edema, weight loss, decreased endurance, cyanosis
Course/ prognosis: progressive and irreversible, decreased oxygen levels in body, heart may become enlarged, changes in BP, shortness of breath (confused with aging which pushes back diagnosis), lifestyle changes
Medical management: spriometry test (common, how well lungs work), rehab, lung surgery/transplant

29
Q

Myocardial infarction (heart attack) causes, signs/symptoms, course/prognosis,medical management

Every 34 seconds MI occurs in US

(Smoking, high BP, cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, poor diet, sedentary, alcohol)

A

Causes: atherosclerosis (leading cause): plaque build up, spasm of coronary artery: shuts down blood flow, spontaneous coronary artery dissection: tear in the wall
Signs/symptoms: pain in chest, arm, neck, jaw, shortness of breath, nausea, cold sweats, fatigue
Course/prognosis: medical management and lifestyle changes: many survive and recover
Medical management: Thrombolytic medicine, lifestyle changes

30
Q

Hypertension

Primary and secondary

A

Primary- no identifiable cause, develops over years

Secondary- underlying condition, sudden onset, higher BP than primary

31
Q

Hypertension signs/symptoms, course/ prognosis, medical management

A

Signs/symptoms: undiagnosed for years, causes damage to organs (like heart), headaches, dizzy, nosebleeds, anxiety, shortness of breath
Course/ prognosis: medicine and lifestyle changes
Medical management: lifestyle change, mess

32
Q

Cardiopulmonary disorders impact on OT performance

A

Shortness of breath, fatigue and decreased activity tolerance may….

Cause increased difficulty managing all occupations and lead to decreased quality of life

Conditions In OT (11 decks)

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