Burns Flashcards

1
Q

Allograft

A

Skin substitute, donor skin taken from another human

Body usually rejects in 10-14 days

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2
Q

Autograft

A

Split-thickness skin grafts from an uninjured donor site of the patient, provides quick and permanent closure of the wound

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3
Q

Two primary factors that influence the amount of tissue destruction that occurs following a burn injury are

A
  1. Temperature

2. Duration of exposure

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4
Q

Zone of coagulation

A

Area of maximum damage (exposed to the most amount of heat and ensures the most damage),
Area of irreversible tissue destruction

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5
Q

Zone of stasis

A

Surrounds zone of coagulation,
where damage results in decreased tissue perfusion, tissue may be salvageable, the main goal of burn resuscitation is to increase tissue perfusion here and prevent any irreversible damage

Perfusion- process of a body delivering blood to a capillary bed in its biological tissue

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6
Q

Zone of hyperemia

A

Tissues in the outer zones surrounding coagulation and stasis zones,
are damaged but with proper care should recover and heal,

w/o proper care further damage may result and increased tissue loss can occur

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7
Q

Aim of care after burn injury

A

Reduce or prevent dermal ischemia, avoiding further tissue death

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8
Q

Eschar

A

Residual narcotic layers of skin destroyed by direct heat damage or injury occurring secondary to heat damage

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9
Q

Most common cause of burns

A

Fire/flame 42%

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10
Q

Superficial burn injury

A

First degree, burn involves only the epidermal laters of the skin
Redness and pain
Dry, does not form blisters
Sensitive to air/ light touch
Heals within 3-6 days w/o residual scarring

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11
Q

Partial-Thickness burn

A
Second degree, epidermal and extends down into the dermal layer
Large, thick blisters
Deep red- waxy white 
Leaks body fluid
Sensitive to pressure 
7-20days with residual scarring
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12
Q

Superficial partial thickness

A

Upper layers of the papillary dermis
Clear blisters, weeping, wet skin
Will blanch when touched

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13
Q

Deep partial-thickness burn

A

Entire epidermis, and entire dermis (spares base of hair follicle)
Appear white, and will not blanch when touched

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14
Q

Full-thickness

A

Third degree, destroys entire epidermal, dermal layers of skin and extends down into the subcutaneous fat
Dry, leathery in texture, small fragile thin walled blisters
*nerve ends destroyed
At risk for contracture formation

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15
Q

Deep full-thickness burn

A

Fourth-degree, all layers of skin and extends down into muscle, tendons or bone
Challenging to close, can result in partial or total loss of function
(Amputations may be warranted)

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16
Q

Complications of inhalation injuries (pulmonary)

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning
Upper-airway obstruction
Restrictive defects

17
Q

Carbon monoxide toxicity and cyanide

A

Displacing oxygen and leading to asphyxia

18
Q

Complication of cardiac system- Burn shock

A

Fluid or plasma portion of the circulating blood levels (volume shifts),
Capillary permeability is increased immediately following a burn,
Greatest in first 8 hours, continues through 24 hours
Burn wound edema
Organ failure and tissue hypoxia can occur

19
Q

Hypermetabolism

A

Results in increased energy catabolism, skeletal muscle catabolism, immune deficiencies, peripheral lipolysis, and reduced bone mineralization and growth

20
Q

Leading cause of death following a burn injury

A

Infection

21
Q

Burn scar contracture

A

Shortening and tightening of the burn scar, are more problematic over large joints, limit ROM

22
Q

TBSA

A

Total burn surface area, use Lund-Browder, rule of nines, and rule of palms

23
Q

Debridement

A

Cleansing and removal of non adherent and non viable tissue (painful procedure)

24
Q

Impact on OT

A

Perform ADL’s, IADL’s,
Deep-partial thickness and full thickness that result in more sever scar formation, contractures, joint restrictions, major joints, high TBSA

25
Q

Client factors

A

Decreased joint mobility, and joint function, both passive and active ROM (from edema in initial stages, and scars and contractures later on

Muscle power and muscle endurance
PTSD

26
Q

Rule of nine

A

Convenient and rapid method,
May be used @ scene of accident
Body surface into areas of 9%
Limited accuracy for children

27
Q

Other causes

  1. Scalding
  2. Contact burns
  3. Electrical
  4. Chemical
  5. Other
A
  1. 31%
  2. 9%
  3. 4%
  4. 3%
  5. 11%
27
Q

Risk of morbidity/ mortality

A

Increasing burn size,
Age of patient,
Presence of pulmonary injury

27
Q

Criteria for burn injuries to be transferred to burn center

A
  1. TBSA greater than 10% partial-thickness
  2. Burns involving face, hands, feet, genitalia, and major joints
  3. Full-thickness
  4. Electrical burns
  5. Chemical burns
  6. Pulmonary injury
    7.
27
Q

Acute phase of burn wound management

A

Sepsis - most common cause of death to occur during this stage
Debridement

28
Q

Grafting priority

A

Hands given priority

29
Q

Cultured epithelium

A

Biopsy of unburned skin that is sent to a lab to grow skin for grafting,
3-4 weeks
Fragile
Sensitive to infection

30
Q

Emergency phase

A

ROM (preservation of joint function)
Appropriate positioning
Splinting

31
Q

Acute phase

A

Reconditioning
ROM
Splinting
Ambulatory and ADL

32
Q

Rehabilitation (after wounds and grafts have healed)

A
Reconditioning
ROM
Scar revision
Contraction release
Reconstruction 
Proper education