Low Vision Disorder Flashcards
Age related macular degeneration (AMD)
Macula, and cone cells
Gradual loss of function of the macula of center of the retina
Macula: oval areas that contains the most cone cells
Cone cells: responsible for the detection of color and movement
Dry AMD
Atrophy of the macula, Dry age related macular degeneration (AMD) is progressive deterioration of the macula, dry AMD causes an acute loss of central vision that then can become permanent
Wet AMD
Excess of blood vessels that bleed into the sub-retinal space, wet AMD is growing blood vessels inward in the neural retina and causing fibrous scarring from leaking fluids, lipids, and blood, wet AMD is a rapid loss of central vision
Wet AMD is a result of dry AMD but dry AMD does not alway progress into wet AMD.
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Early AMD
Sign that retina is unhealthy and at risk
Late AMD
Macula is affected
Signs and symptoms WET AMD
Loss of central vision because the macula becomes fibrous
Signs and symptoms DRY AMD
Slower over the course of years, blurriness, distortion, increased glare, decreased color, metamorphosia, can result in loss of central vision
AMD prognosis
Doesn’t cause total blindness, only central blindness
Glaucoma definition and cause
Progressive loss of the ganglion cell later of the retina
CAUSED BY intranocular pressure (IOP)
Angle closure glaucoma
Angle formed where the cornea and iris meet, narrows
When passage is blocked or too narrow, causing IOP
Open angle glaucoma
Damage to retina, caused by IOP
Neovascular glaucoma
New blood vessels form that block flow, secondary condition (diabetes, tumors)
Closed angle and neovasuclar glaucoma signs and symptoms
Occurs and progresses quick, eye pain, loss of vision
Open angle glaucoma signs and symptoms
Slow onset, gradual loss of peripheral vision, decreased ability to see in dim light, sensitivity
Can extend to central vision loss
Course and prognosis
Open angle glaucoma slowly progresses
Closed angle glaucoma - 3 stages
All glaucoma left untreated: progress into blindness
Cataracts definition
Crystalline lends becomes opaque and usually age related
Signs and symptoms of cataracts
Decrease in contrast sensitivity, color sensitivity, myopia
(Nearsighted), blurriness
Prognosis cataracts
One eye affected at first, usually both end up affected
Treatment is imperative, if untreated causes blindness, or develop into glaucoma or AMD
Medical management cataracts
Surgical removal of lens
Impact on OT performances
ADLS- mobility and simple tasks (nail clipping, reading, etc.)
IADLS- driving, inability to read (education), work, play and leisure, social (recognizing faces, navigations) can lead to isolation and depression
