Origins of the Apothecary & The European Apothecary Flashcards
What marked the beginning of pharmacy’s independence from medicine?
The opening of the first privately owned apothecary shop in Baghdad.
What new preparations were available when Baghdad was formed? (2)
- Tinctures. 2. Electuaries.
What significance did the Edict of Frederick II (c. 1240) have on Europe? (3)
- Gave official recognition of pharmacy being separate from medicine. 2. Supervision of pharmacy. 3. Oath to prepare properly and uniformly.
What led to the separation of pharmacy and medicine? (3)
- The need for specialized knowledge in expanding trade. 2. Knowledge of drugs. The skill required for compounding the various pharmaceutical preparations.
What did medical schools do when they emerged? (2)
- They inspected apothecary shops. 2. Regulated apothecary shops.
Around what time did English universities begin to emerge?
Around 1100-1200.
What was the significance of the Edict of Frederick II have on the future colonies in America? (2)
- Limited number of pharmacies. 2. Fixed prices for remedies.
What required physicians to study anatomy?
Edict of Frederick II (c. 1240).
Who were the apothecaries in guilds with for 500 years in France?
Spicers.
When apothecaries broke off from spicers in London, who did they join with?
Grocers. They branched off on their own to form the Society of Apothecaries.
When apothecaries broke off from their second guild in London, what did they do?
They branched off on their own to form the Society of Apothecaries.
What became a sign and symbol for Apothecaries?
A leech jar with two handles.
What is Yprocas? Why is it significant?
- Spiced wine consumed after meal. 2. The sugar cone was used as a sign and symbol for apothecaries.
How did the Roman guild regulate pharmacy? (4)
- Examine candidates. 2. Space between shops. 3. Price for remedies. 4. Supervise producers/sellers of food, liquors, pastries, and medicinal herbs.
Were apothecaries a root of museums?
Yes, due to their connections with exotics.
What kind of specialized knowledge did apothecaries have?
When to collect and what to collect from plants.
What tasks did apothecaries have by the late 1400s? (3)
- Ensure identity and quality of drugs. 2. Make ingredients and preparations. 3. Compound prescriptions.
What is culling or garbling?
Sorting medicinal parts from dross.
What were roses used for? (3)
- Rose water as a primary flavoring. 2. Rose oil for perfume base. 3. Rose cakes - cheap alternative to oil.
Were apothecaries during this time prosperous?
Yes.
What is evidence that apothecaries were respected?
Jesus was depicted as an apothecary.
Were apothecaries industrialized and professional before America’s founding?
Yes.
Were English Pharmacies as high class as German ones?
No.
Who were chemists? What is their significance?
Those selling chemical remedies. They competed with apothecaries in the 1700s once the apothecaries began to lose control over the drug trade.
Why did apothecaries begin to lose control of the drug trade in the 1700s?
Because they began to shift to medical practice.
