Literature Flashcards
What were the three major function of pharmaceutical literature?
- Contemporary news and info (new drugs, products, info about side effects). 2. Communication conduit. 3. Historical record.
What was important about the APhA in literature?
They wrote the Proceedings of the APhA that reflected APhA’s focus, member scientific presentations, etc.
What was an important part of the Proceedings?
The Progress of Pharmacy which abstracted papers from pharmacy from all over.
What journal was the lead until WW2?
Journal of the APhA.
What replaced Journal of the APhA and regional journals or state association journals?
By specialty and trade journals.
Who were trade journals written for?
The average corner-store pharmacist.
What was the first trade journal for pharmacy?
Druggists’ Circular.
What did drug journals contain?
News, prices, advertising, editorials.
What is a house organ?
A publication for employees of a company.
Who was William Zellmer?
A Pharmacist-Editor of American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (UW).
What occurred after WW2?
Journals diversified in content.
What occurred as a result of the depression in early 1930s?
Several national journals were discontinued.
What occurred after the 1980s?
The decline of Pharmacy journals.
In the 1980s when objective journalism happened, what resulted?
- Uninteresting articles. 2. Factual. 3. Deadly.
Why did ads decrease in pharmacy journals?
- Marketers realized they should market to physicians instead. 2. Direct to consumer advertising after 1997.
What were pharmacopeias? (2)
- “Codebook” for doctors and apothecaries (mostly just descriptions). 2. Sanctioned standards from guilds or governments.
What are Dispensatories? (2)
- Commentaries on pharmacopeias. 2. Bridged gaps between pharmacy and medicine.
What are the ancient roots of recipe and formula books?
The Ebers Papyrus.
Why did recipe and formula books decrease in popularity?
As a result of routine compounding.
Were the 1850s a time of dramatic growth for American Pharmacy?
Yes.
When did mass-manufactured preparations begin?
In the 1850s.
What kind of preparation was allowed for as a result of mass-manufacturing?
Fluid extracts.
How do you get a fluid extract?
Extraction of active principles via percolation (using a percolator).
Who introduced the word, “Pharmacist”? When did he introduce it?
Edward Parrish during the Civil War.
What occurred during the Civil War (1861-1865)? (3)
- Business slowed. 2. Divisions clarified in military context. 3. Industry turns to making civilian medicines.
Who was John Maisch?
Published model state law (1869) which attempted to regulate pharmacy.
What is referred to as “New Professionalism” in the 1880s?
A shift of focus on paper credentials.
What changes in the design of the drugstore after 1865? (3)
- Backroom labs decline in size. 2. Dispensing area moved to back of the shop. 3. Front of the shop is opened up for retail items and soda fountains.
What killed the soda fountain era of drugstores?
World War 2.
Why did the soda fountain era start to decline? (2)
- Depression of 1930s. 2. Repeal of Prohibition.
What was the percent of drugstore income derived from prescriptions in the 1800s?
10%.
