Literature

Question 1

What were the three major function of pharmaceutical literature?

Answer 1

1. Contemporary news and info (new drugs, products, info about side effects). 2. Communication conduit. 3. Historical record.

Question 2

What was important about the APhA in literature?

Answer 2

They wrote the Proceedings of the APhA that reflected APhA’s focus, member scientific presentations, etc.

Question 3

What was an important part of the Proceedings?

Answer 3

The Progress of Pharmacy which abstracted papers from pharmacy from all over.

Question 4

What journal was the lead until WW2?

Answer 4

Journal of the APhA.

Question 5

What replaced Journal of the APhA and regional journals or state association journals?

Answer 5

By specialty and trade journals.

Question 6

Who were trade journals written for?

Answer 6

The average corner-store pharmacist.

Question 7

What was the first trade journal for pharmacy?

Answer 7

Druggists’ Circular.

Question 8

What did drug journals contain?

Answer 8

News, prices, advertising, editorials.

Question 9

What is a house organ?

Answer 9

A publication for employees of a company.

Question 10

Who was William Zellmer?

Answer 10

A Pharmacist-Editor of American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (UW).

Question 11

What occurred after WW2?

Answer 11

Journals diversified in content.

Question 12

What occurred as a result of the depression in early 1930s?

Answer 12

Several national journals were discontinued.

Question 13

What occurred after the 1980s?

Answer 13

The decline of Pharmacy journals.

Question 14

In the 1980s when objective journalism happened, what resulted?

Answer 14

1. Uninteresting articles. 2. Factual. 3. Deadly.

Question 15

Why did ads decrease in pharmacy journals?

Answer 15

1. Marketers realized they should market to physicians instead. 2. Direct to consumer advertising after 1997.

Question 16

What were pharmacopeias? (2)

Answer 16

1. “Codebook” for doctors and apothecaries (mostly just descriptions). 2. Sanctioned standards from guilds or governments.

Question 17

What are Dispensatories? (2)

Answer 17

1. Commentaries on pharmacopeias. 2. Bridged gaps between pharmacy and medicine.

Question 18

What are the ancient roots of recipe and formula books?

Answer 18

The Ebers Papyrus.

Question 19

Why did recipe and formula books decrease in popularity?

Answer 19

As a result of routine compounding.

Question 20

Were the 1850s a time of dramatic growth for American Pharmacy?

Answer 20

Yes.

Question 21

When did mass-manufactured preparations begin?

Answer 21

In the 1850s.

Question 22

What kind of preparation was allowed for as a result of mass-manufacturing?

Answer 22

Fluid extracts.

Question 23

How do you get a fluid extract?

Answer 23

Extraction of active principles via percolation (using a percolator).

Question 24

Who introduced the word, “Pharmacist”? When did he introduce it?

Answer 24

Edward Parrish during the Civil War.

Question 25

What occurred during the Civil War (1861-1865)? (3)

Answer 25

1. Business slowed. 2. Divisions clarified in military context. 3. Industry turns to making civilian medicines.

Question 26

Who was John Maisch?

Answer 26

Published model state law (1869) which attempted to regulate pharmacy.

Question 27

What is referred to as "New Professionalism" in the 1880s?

Answer 27

A shift of focus on paper credentials.

Question 28

What changes in the design of the drugstore after 1865? (3)

Answer 28

1. Backroom labs decline in size. 2. Dispensing area moved to back of the shop. 3. Front of the shop is opened up for retail items and soda fountains.

Question 29

What killed the soda fountain era of drugstores?

Answer 29

World War 2.

Question 30

Why did the soda fountain era start to decline? (2)

Answer 30

1. Depression of 1930s. 2. Repeal of Prohibition.

Question 31

What was the percent of drugstore income derived from prescriptions in the 1800s?

Answer 31

10%.