Exam 1 Study Flashcards
What are the four humors?
- Blood. 2. Yellow bile. 3. Black Bile. 4. Phlegm.
According to humorists, what was black bile thought to cause?
Depression. The liver to produce blood contaminated with black bile.
According to humorists, what was phlegm associated with?
Apathy.
According to humorists, what was yellow bile associated with?
Aggression.
According to humorists, why were patients given laxatives, emetics, or bleeding?
To eliminate excess humors.
According to humorists, why were patients given tonics?
To increase good humors within the body.
What are the four roots of pharmacy?
- Doctor’s shop. 2. Apothecary shops. 3. General stores. 4. Wholesale druggists.
What did Constantine the African do? (2)
- Translated classical texts (from Greece) from Arabic to Latin. 2. Translated Antidotarium Nicolai (formulas) - a guide to making medications.
What did Avicenna do?
- He was an encyclopediaist on medicine. 2. Wrote the Canon of Medicine.
Who is considered the father of botany?
Theophrastus.
What is William Proctor known for? (3)
- “Father of American Pharmacy.” 2. Established the American Pharmacists Association. 3. Worked on United States Pharmacopeia.
Who was the Greek god, Hygieia? (2)
- Goddess of hygiene and medicines. 2. Often seen holding a bowl and with a serpent.
Where does the bowl symbol of pharmacy come from?
Hygeia.
Who was Andrew Craigie?
Apothecary General of the Continental Army during the American Revolution.
Who was Hildegard? (2)
- Nun in Middle Age Europe who wrote botanical and medicinal works, including poems. 2. Wrote Abbess.
Why did many apothecaries and physicians flee Europe?
Because of disease outbreak.
What is the cone-shaped symbol of pharmacy also called?
“Sleeve of Hippocrates.”
What did new drugs from the East and West result in? (2)
- Inspire new thinking about drug action (Paracelsus - chemical drugs & Need for better books of formulas). 2. Solidifies position of pharmacy.
What is an example of a remedy that was ignored by American settlers? What was the significance despite this?
- Ginseng. 2. The sale of it as a commodity (not a therapeutic) helped open the American frontier.
Who was Van Helmont?
Alchemist & mystic who advocated for Magnetic/sympathetic remedies.
