Origins Of Cold War And Three Agreements Flashcards
What are the differences between communism and capitalism?
Communism – everyone is equal; only one party; no private businesses or industry; belief in world revolution.
Capitalism – multiple parties; private businesses and some wealthier than others; spreading influence and encouraging trade; free speech.
What were the early tensions in the cold war leading to 1939?
France, Britain, and the US, aged opponents of the Bolshevik revolution in in 1918 to 21 who wanted to overthrow Lenin. The east was suspicious of the west and feared invasion from Hitler and the allies in the 30s.
When did Stalin become the leader of the Soviet union?
In 1928 the following Lenin’s death.
What confirmed western fears of the Soviet’s gaining influence ?
In 1939 the Nazi Soviet pact was formed, confirming fears of seizing Poland.
What was the name of the first conference? Where was it held? When?
The November 1943 Teheran conference was held in Teheran, Iran.
Why was the Teheran conference awkward at times?
Roosevelt sided with Stalin and Churchills idea of Allied invasion through the Balkans which would stop the red Army from invading was rejected.
What agreements were made at Teheran?
The Allies would create a second front in May 1944.
The Soviets would wage war against Japan after the war.
The United Nations would form.
The USSR would have an area of Poland with borders along Oder and Neisse.
What was strains in the grand alliance at Teheran?
Stalin felt the D-Day Landing is in France were delayed to weaken the Soviets.
Winston Churchill was suspicious of the USSR, and that they would remain in liberated countries as they had invaded Poland in 1939.
10,000 Polish corpses were discovered in the Katyn Forest near Smolensk in April 1943.
In August 1944 the USSR had left the Poles for dead at the Warsaw uprising as they had halted their advance to leave the uprising brutally crushed.
What changes have taken place after the Yalta conference of Feb 1945?
Roosevelt had died following last meeting of the big three and Churchill was to be voted out and replaced by Clement Atlee.
What was agreed at Yalta?
A war would be opened up between the Soviets and Japan.
Germany and Berlin would be split into four.
Nazi war criminals tried in an International Court of Justice.
To allow liberated countries free elections.
To join the United Nations.
Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe.
what disagreements were there at the February 1945 Yalta conference?
The German reparations. What the Soviets wanted revenge, the West thought that the reparations would have to be affordable so Germany was not weak.
Disagreements on Poland’s borders - Stalin wanted borders closer to the west and a friendly Polish government - the USSR was convinced to have free elections
What had changed by the July 1945 Potsdam conference?
Soviet troops were now in Finland, Estonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, hungry, and Latvia.
Truman had replaced Roosevelt and was intolerant of the USSR.
Stalin had to set up a Polish Communist government as a measure of defence which was criticised by the west as they had broken the Yalta agreements.
What were the agreements at Potsdam?
Divide Germany into four as well as Berlin, each of the four zones to be occupied and administered by one of the Allies,
Demilitarise Germany.
Re - establish democracy, including free speech, free press, and free elections.
Germans to send one quarter of industrial goods in return for Soviet food and coal.
Leading Nazis on trial for war crimes at Nuremberg, 1946.
Participate in the United Nations.
Poland frontier along Oder and Neisse.
What changes have taken place before the Potsdam conference?
By 16 July 1945 – the US had tested the first atomic bomb in the desert. Stalin was furious that he had only just been informed at the conference.
Churchel was defeated by Clement Attlee in the general election.
What disagreements were there at the Potsdam conference?
The USSR has suffered 20 million losses and wanted a major condensation but Truman did not want the Germans weak as this would allow for Soviet expansion.
Truman wanted free elections but Stalin did not and refused to submit.
