Organomegaly

Question 1

Hepatomegaly:

Chronic causes:

• 2 liver issues
• 1 cardio

Answer 1

ALD
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is liver inflammation and damage caused by a buildup of fat in the liver. It is part of a group of conditions called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
RHF

Question 2

Hepatomegaly:

Inflammatory causes? - 2

Cancer causes - 3

Answer 2

Hepatitis - viral and autoimmune
Primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary or secondary liver cancer
Lymphoma
Leukaemia

Question 3

Hepatomegaly:

Myeloproliferative - 2

Answer 3

Myelofibrosis is an uncommon type of bone marrow cancer that disrupts your body’s normal production of blood cells. Myelofibrosis causes extensive scarring in your bone marrow, leading to severe anemia that can cause weakness and fatigue.

Polycythaemia - an abnormally increased concentration of haemoglobin in the blood, either through reduction of plasma volume or increase in red cell numbers.
Therefore blood is thicker.

Question 4

Splenomegaly:

Cancer - 3

A type of hypertension?

Answer 4

Lymphoma
CML - Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a cancer of the white blood cells. It is a form of leukemia characterized by the increased and unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in the blood.
Liver Mets

Portal hypertension

Question 5

Splenomegaly:

Inflammatory - just list a few

Answer 5

Infectious mononucleosis 
Endocarditis 
Malaria 
TB
SLE 
RA

Question 6

Splenomegaly:

Myeloproliferative - 2

Answer 6

Myelofibrosis is an uncommon type of bone marrow cancer that disrupts your body’s normal production of blood cells. Myelofibrosis causes extensive scarring in your bone marrow, leading to severe anemia that can cause weakness and fatigue.

Polycythaemia - an abnormally increased concentration of haemoglobin in the blood, either through reduction of plasma volume or increase in red cell numbers.
Therefore blood is thicker.

Question 7

Splenomegaly:

A type of anaemia

What is Gaucher’s disease?

Answer 7

Haemolytic anaemia - more RBCs being broken down

Gaucher’s disease is the result of a buildup of certain fatty substances in certain organs, particularly your spleen and liver.

This causes these organs to enlarge and can affect their function. The fatty substances also can build up in bone tissue, weakening the bone and increasing the risk of fractures.

Question 8

Hepatosplenomegaly - both together:

Hepatobiliary cause - 2

Infection - 4

Answer 8

Cirrhosis
Portal hypertension

Viral hepatitis
CMV
Malaria
Infectious mononucleosis

Question 9

Hepatosplenomegaly - both together:

Haematological:
- What would cause hepatosplenomegaly with lymphadenopathy?

• What would cause hepatosplenomegaly without lymphadenopathy?
• What types of anaemia cause hepatosplenomegaly?

Answer 9

Lymphoma - mets

Myeloproliferative disease - polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis, CML

Sickle cell anaemia
Thalassaemia
Pernicious anaemia