Gastroenteritis Flashcards
Pathogens:
- Viral - 4
- Bacterial - 4
Norovirus
Adenovirus
Rotavirus
Astrovirus
Salmonella
C. diff
Shigella
E. coli
How can the pathogens be transmitted? - 4
1/4 of salmonella cases in kids are from pet reptiles. What type of transmission is this?
Faecal-oral
Person-to-person
Foodborne
Waterborne
Zoonotic
How can campylobacter, shigella and giardia also be transmitted?
Sexually - especially with men who have sex with men
S+S:
Cardinal symptoms - 2
Other symptoms
Acute D and/or vomiting
Anorexia - lack of food
Malaise
Fever
Weight loss - lack of food
What type of D would indicate it is non-inflammatory?
Where is the pathology usually found?
Causes of non-inflammatory D? - 3
Common enterotoxigenic cause of travellers diarrhoea? - 1
Watery and profuse
Small bowel infection
Cholera
Staph. aureus
Giardia
E.coli
What symptoms would indicate it is inflammatory D?
What is dysentery?
Where is the pathology usually found?
Tenesmus - a continual or recurrent inclination to evacuate the bowels, caused by a disorder of the rectum or other illness.
Abdo pain
Fever
Intestinal infection that causes severe diarrhoea with blood. In some cases, mucus may be found in the stool.
Large bowel infection
Inflammatory Diarrhoea Causes Mneumonic:
CCESSPIT
Campylobacter C.diff E. coli Salmonella Shigella
Produce inflammatory Turds :)
Pathogen-specific features:
Norovirus - main feature? what symptom starts first?
Campylobacter - main feature? how do you usually catch it?
Highly infectious causing institutional outbreaks e.g. hospitals
Vomiting starts first
A common cause of bacterial GE
Eating infected poultry
Pathogen-specific features:
Salmonella - how do you usually catch it?
Staph. aureus - how soon after catching it do symptoms start?
Infected poultry, eggs and milk
6 hrs
Pathogen-specific features:
Viral cholera - main symptom? what does it cause in the developing world?
Profuse water D
A common cause of infant mortality
What is important to remember when dealing with a patient with D+V?
Fever plus D+V doesn’t equal GE
D+V can be a feature of sepsis and many other infections - CNS, urinary, appendicitis
Investigations - most don’t need:
When should a stool MC+S be done?
What basic bloods should be done if unwell and why? - 4
Bloody stool
Patient is immunosuppressed
Recent travel to the developing world
Symptoms prolonged (>7 days)
FBC (RAISED WBC)
U&E (Dehydration)
CRP (Inflammatory marker)
LFT (Helps with differentials
Management:
How are most cases managed?
No admission required
Home with regular oral fluid intake
Management - impatient:
The first line of action?
Action for D+V?
What should you make sure you don’t do in dysentery?
Fluids PO or IV
Anti-emetics and anti-diarrhoeal
Give anti-emetics and anti-diarrhoeal
Management - impatient:
When are antibiotics needed?
What antibiotic should be given for infections by campylobacter, salmonella and shigella?
What antibiotic should be given for infections by viral cholera?
If systemically unwell or immunosuppressed
Ciprofloxacin
Tetracycline
